Colmant Agathe M G, Charrel Rémi N, Coutard Bruno
Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Oct 10;13:997058. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997058. eCollection 2022.
Jingmenviruses are a group of viruses identified recently, in 2014, and currently classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as unclassified . These viruses closely related to flaviviruses are unique due to the segmented nature of their genome. The prototype jingmenvirus, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), was discovered in ticks collected from China in 2010. Jingmenviruses genomes are composed of four to five segments, encoding for up to seven structural proteins and two non-structural proteins, both of which display strong similarities with flaviviral non-structural proteins (NS2B/NS3 and NS5). Jingmenviruses are currently separated into two phylogenetic clades. One clade includes tick- and vertebrate-associated jingmenviruses, which have been detected in ticks and mosquitoes, as well as in humans, cattle, monkeys, bats, rodents, sheep, and tortoises. In addition to these molecular and serological detections, over a hundred human patients tested positive for jingmenviruses after developing febrile illness and flu-like symptoms in China and Serbia. The second phylogenetic clade includes insect-associated jingmenvirus sequences, which have been detected in a wide range of insect species, as well as in crustaceans, plants, and fungi. In addition to being found in various types of hosts, jingmenviruses are endemic, as they have been detected in a wide range of environments, all over the world. Taken together, all of these elements show that jingmenviruses correspond exactly to the definition of emerging viruses at risk of causing a pandemic, since they are already endemic, have a close association with arthropods, are found in animals in close contact with humans, and have caused sporadic cases of febrile illness in multiple patients. Despite these arguments, the vast majority of published data is from metagenomics studies and many aspects of jingmenvirus replication remain to be elucidated, such as their tropism, cycle of transmission, structure, and mechanisms of replication and restriction or epidemiology. It is therefore crucial to prioritize jingmenvirus research in the years to come, to be prepared for their emergence as human or veterinary pathogens.
荆门病毒是2014年最近发现的一组病毒，目前被国际病毒分类委员会归类为未分类病毒。这些与黄病毒密切相关的病毒因其基因组的分段性质而独特。荆门病毒的原型，荆门蜱病毒（JMTV），于2010年在中国采集的蜱中发现。荆门病毒基因组由四到五个片段组成，编码多达七种结构蛋白和两种非结构蛋白，这两种蛋白与黄病毒非结构蛋白（NS2B/NS3和NS5）都有很强的相似性。荆门病毒目前分为两个系统发育分支。一个分支包括与蜱和脊椎动物相关的荆门病毒，这些病毒已在蜱、蚊子以及人类、牛、猴子、蝙蝠、啮齿动物、绵羊和乌龟中检测到。除了这些分子和血清学检测外，在中国和塞尔维亚，一百多名人类患者在出现发热性疾病和流感样症状后，荆门病毒检测呈阳性。第二个系统发育分支包括与昆虫相关的荆门病毒序列，这些序列已在多种昆虫物种以及甲壳类动物、植物和真菌中检测到。除了在各种类型的宿主中被发现外，荆门病毒是地方性的，因为它们已在世界各地的广泛环境中被检测到。综上所述，所有这些因素表明，荆门病毒完全符合有引发大流行风险的新兴病毒的定义，因为它们已经是地方性的，与节肢动物密切相关，在与人类密切接触的动物中被发现，并且已经在多名患者中引起了散发性发热性疾病病例。尽管有这些观点，但绝大多数已发表的数据来自宏基因组学研究，荆门病毒复制的许多方面仍有待阐明，例如它们的嗜性、传播周期、结构以及复制和限制机制或流行病学。因此，在未来几年优先开展荆门病毒研究至关重要，以便为它们作为人类或兽医病原体的出现做好准备。
