Bhatnagar Aayushi, Kekatpure Aditya L
Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 20;14(9):e29367. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29367. eCollection 2022 Sep.
A substantial proportion of the population of females in India falls in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. One of the complications associated with older age in women is the weakening of bones and the fall in bone mineral density (BMD). This has a severe debilitating consequence in a woman's life and leads to reduced quality of life along with a greater incidence of fractures. If the fracture involves the hip or the vertebrae, it can cause immobility and be devastating. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is linked with the deficiency of estrogen that occurs with the cessation of the function of the ovaries as age progresses. The function of estrogen in the bone remodeling process is very well understood after years of research; estrogen plays a part in both the formation of bone as well as the prevention of the resorption of bone. A diagnosis can be made by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). It is the gold standard and can spot low bone density at particular sites. The treatment options are selected according to the severity and rate of progression and factors pertaining to each patient. All postmenopausal women should be made aware of this disorder, and they should be encouraged to cultivate a healthy lifestyle through the implementation of a proper diet and inculcation of a regular exercise routine. Smoking and drinking alcohol should be limited, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be started in all women of the postmenopausal age group with or without osteoporosis. In patients who have been diagnosed with the disorder, pharmacological intervention is done. Drugs should be selected based on their side effects and contradictions. Follow-up is essential, and patient compliance should be carefully monitored. This article attempts to review the existing literature on this very prevalent disorder to spread awareness about it so that all postmenopausal women can take the necessary steps to prevent the weakening of their bones, and deal with its progression.
印度很大一部分女性人口处于围绝经期和绝经后年龄组。女性年龄增长所伴随的并发症之一是骨骼变弱和骨矿物质密度（BMD）下降。这在女性生活中会产生严重的衰弱后果，导致生活质量下降，同时骨折发生率更高。如果骨折累及髋部或脊椎，可能会导致行动不便，后果严重。绝经后骨质疏松症与随着年龄增长卵巢功能停止而出现的雌激素缺乏有关。经过多年研究，雌激素在骨重塑过程中的作用已得到充分了解；雌激素在骨形成以及防止骨吸收方面都发挥作用。可以通过双能X线吸收法（DEXA）进行诊断。它是金标准，能够发现特定部位的低骨密度。治疗方案根据严重程度、进展速度以及每个患者的相关因素来选择。所有绝经后女性都应该了解这种疾病，并且应该鼓励她们通过实施合理饮食和养成定期锻炼的习惯来培养健康的生活方式。应该限制吸烟和饮酒，所有绝经后年龄组的女性，无论是否患有骨质疏松症，都应该开始补充钙和维生素D。对于已被诊断患有该疾病的患者，要进行药物干预。应根据药物的副作用和禁忌来选择药物。随访至关重要，要仔细监测患者的依从性。本文试图回顾关于这种非常普遍疾病的现有文献，以提高对此的认识，以便所有绝经后女性能够采取必要措施预防骨骼变弱，并应对其进展。
