Awogbemi Omojola, Kallon Daramy Vandi Von
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 18;8(10):e11117. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11117. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Continuous environmental degradation, volatility in the oil market, and unimpressive functioning of fossil-based (FB) fuels in compression ignition engines have expanded the tempo of the search for alternative fuels. Due to the astronomical rise in global population, improved agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing activities, enhanced farming and other food production and utilization ventures, agricultural waste generation, renewable fuel consumption, and emission of toxic gases. The need for cost-effective, readily available, and environmentally benign agricultural waste to biofuels has never been more crucial. Biofuels are renewable, biodegradable, low-cost, and eco-friendly fuels that are produced by microorganisms from waste lignocellulosic biomass. Conversion of agricultural wastes to biofuel does not exacerbate food security, contributes to waste management, prevents environmental degradation, and ensures energy security. This study reviews the conversion of agricultural wastes into biofuels with special emphasis on bioethanol, biohydrogen, biobutanol, biomethane, biomethanol, and biodiesel for various applications. It is safe to conclude that wastes generated from agricultural activities and processes are useful and can be harnessed to meet the affordable and accessible global renewable energy target. The result of this investigation will improve the body of knowledge and provide novel strategies and pathways for the utilization of agricultural wastes. Going forward, more collaborative and interdisciplinary studies are required to evolve state-of-the-art, ecofriendly, and cost-effective conversion pathways for agricultural wastes to promote the utilization of the generated renewable fuels. More human, financial, and infrastructural investments are desirable to motivate the conversion of agricultural waste into biofuels to ensure environmental sanitation and sustainability, promote renewable fuel utilization, and avert the raging implosion of our planet.
持续的环境退化、石油市场的波动以及压缩点火发动机中基于化石燃料（FB）的燃料运行不佳，加快了寻找替代燃料的步伐。由于全球人口的大幅增长、农业、商业和制造业活动的改善、农业和其他粮食生产及利用企业的增加、农业废弃物的产生、可再生燃料的消耗以及有毒气体的排放，将具有成本效益、易于获取且对环境无害的农业废弃物转化为生物燃料的需求从未如此迫切。生物燃料是可再生、可生物降解、低成本且环保的燃料，由微生物从废弃的木质纤维素生物质中生产而来。将农业废弃物转化为生物燃料不会加剧粮食安全问题，有助于废物管理，防止环境退化，并确保能源安全。本研究综述了农业废弃物向生物燃料的转化，特别强调了生物乙醇、生物氢气、生物丁醇、生物甲烷、生物甲醇和生物柴油在各种应用中的情况。可以有把握地得出结论，农业活动和过程产生的废弃物是有用的，可以加以利用以实现全球可负担且可获取的可再生能源目标。这项调查的结果将增进知识体系，并为农业废弃物的利用提供新的策略和途径。展望未来，需要更多的合作和跨学科研究来开发先进的、生态友好且具有成本效益的农业废弃物转化途径，以促进所产生的可再生燃料的利用。需要更多的人力、财力和基础设施投资来推动农业废弃物向生物燃料的转化，以确保环境卫生和可持续性，促进可再生燃料的利用，并避免我们星球的剧烈崩溃。
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