Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N. E-29071, Malaga, Spain.
School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Int J Biometeorol. 2023 Jan;67(1):195-209. doi: 10.1007/s00484-022-02398-9. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
Betulaceae species are anemophilous, and allergens from their pollen are a major cause of respiratory allergies in temperate areas where they are widely distributed. It is expected that, due to the strong influence of temperature on Betulaceae phenology, global warming will impact both the distribution and phenology of these species during the coming decades. This study examines potential decoupling of flowering and leafing phenophases in Betulaceae species (i.e. Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Corylus avellana) over long-term (1951-2015) and as shorter (15-year) periods. Phenological phases for flowering and leaf unfolding of Betulaceae species from the Pan-European Phenology (PEP725) database were examined along with maximum and minimum daily temperature data for the periods September-October-November (SON), December-January-February (DJF) and March-April-May (MAM). Significant increases in temperature since 1951 have been recorded in the relevant chilling and forcing periods. Both flowering and leaf unfolding phenophases are advancing, but flowering is advancing faster than leaf unfolding. This is increasing the time between phenophases, although analysis of 15-year periods shows that the pattern of change was not constant. The results presented here represent the most comprehensive analysis of flowering and leaf unfolding phenophases of Betulaceae species using the PEP725 database to date. It is expected that these changes to Betulaceae phenology will continue and that global warming-related phenological decoupling will increase plant stress in Betulaceae populations in central Europe.
桦木科植物为风媒传粉，其花粉中的过敏原是温带地区呼吸过敏的主要原因，而这些地区广泛分布着桦木科植物。预计，由于温度对桦木科物候的强烈影响，全球变暖将在未来几十年内影响这些物种的分布和物候。本研究考察了桦木科植物（如欧洲山毛榉、欧洲白桦和榛子）在长期（1951-2015 年）和较短时期（15 年）内开花和展叶物候阶段潜在的去耦现象。对来自泛欧物候（PEP725）数据库的桦木科植物的开花和叶片展开物候阶段以及 9-10-11 月（SON）、12-1-2 月（DJF）和 3-4-5 月（MAM）期间的最高和最低日温度数据进行了研究。自 1951 年以来，相关的冷却和强迫时期的温度记录显著升高。开花和叶片展开物候阶段都在提前，但开花的提前速度快于叶片展开。这增加了物候阶段之间的时间，但对 15 年时期的分析表明，变化模式并非一成不变。本研究结果是迄今为止利用 PEP725 数据库对桦木科植物的开花和展叶物候阶段进行的最全面分析。预计桦木科植物物候的这些变化将继续下去，与全球变暖相关的物候去耦将增加中欧桦木科植物种群的压力。
