生物物理和生物化学在免疫分析设计中的应用
Biophysical and biochemical insights in the design of immunoassays.
机构信息
Dept. of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Dept. of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA; School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2023 Jan;1867(1):130266. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130266. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
BACKGROUND
Rapid antigen assays have been attractive for decentralized, point of care diagnostics because of their low cost, robustness, and ease of use. The development of a diagnostic assay for a newly emerging infectious disease needs to take into account the progression of a disease, whether there is human to human transmission, and patient biomarker levels with time, and these all impact the choice of antigen targets and affinity agents.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
The factors involved in the biophysical design of rapid antigen immunoassays are discussed, focusing on antigen selection and designing for cross-reactivity. State of the art in the biophysical characterization of protein-ligand or antigen-antibody interactions, the different types of affinity agents used in immunoassays, and biochemical conjugation strategies are described.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Antigen choice is a critical factor in immunoassay diagnostic development, and should account for the properties of the virion, virus, and disease progression. Biophysical and biochemical aspects of immunoassays are critical for performance.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
This review can serve as an instructive guide to aid in diagnostic development for future emerging diseases.
背景
由于成本低、稳健性强且易于使用，快速抗原检测法在分散式即时诊断方面具有吸引力。开发一种针对新出现传染病的诊断检测法需要考虑疾病的进展情况、是否存在人际传播以及随时间推移的患者生物标志物水平，这些因素都会影响抗原靶标和亲和剂的选择。
综述范围
本文讨论了快速抗原免疫检测法的生物物理设计中涉及的因素，重点关注抗原的选择和设计以实现交叉反应性。文中描述了蛋白质-配体或抗原-抗体相互作用的生物物理特性的最新研究、免疫分析中使用的不同类型的亲和剂以及生化偶联策略。
主要结论
抗原选择是免疫分析诊断开发的关键因素，应考虑病毒粒子、病毒和疾病进展的特性。免疫分析的生物物理和生物化学方面对于性能至关重要。
一般意义
本文综述可以作为指导，帮助开发未来新发传染病的诊断方法。
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