Likhar Akanksha, Baghel Prerna, Patil Manoj
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 23;14(9):e29500. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29500. eCollection 2022 Sep.
In human beings, the development of a child involves biological, emotional, and psychological changes that happen between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into three stages: early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood (preadolescence). Early childhood is typically from infancy to six years of age. The methods for maintaining health and dealing with already-existing sicknesses and the social and economic settings in which children are born, grow up, live, and eventually work are referred to as the social determinants of health. Despite advances in health, child malnutrition remains a problem salutariness (severe) issue with massive human and economic resource implications. There is currently a growing corpus of research on how early development influences a child's success later in life. From conception to two years of age, the first 1,000 days of life are becoming more well-recognized as important for the development of brain circuits that lead to linguistic, cognitive, and socio-emotional abilities, all of which are predictors of later-life labor market outcomes. The social patterning of health, sickness, and illness can be influenced by the social determinants of a child's health. This can also influence a person's overall well-being and functioning throughout their lifetime factors of a child's health, early childhood care, and development from an ecological standpoint, and as planned, a participatory approach in early childhood care and development is implemented. The social determinants of health are the elements that cause positive or negative changes in health or alter disease risks. The social determinants of health, which are different from medical treatment, can be altered by social policy. Social gradients and health equality are ideas that are related to understanding how social factors impact health.
在人类中，儿童的发育涉及出生至青春期结束期间发生的生理、情感和心理变化。童年分为三个阶段：幼儿期、童年中期和童年后期（青春期前期）。幼儿期通常是从婴儿期到六岁。维持健康以及应对已有的疾病的方法，以及儿童出生、成长、生活并最终工作的社会和经济环境，被称为健康的社会决定因素。尽管在健康方面取得了进步，但儿童营养不良仍然是一个严重的健康问题，对人力和经济资源有着巨大影响。目前，关于早期发育如何影响儿童日后生活成功的研究越来越多。从受孕到两岁，生命的最初1000天越来越被认为对导致语言、认知和社会情感能力的脑回路发育很重要，所有这些都是日后劳动力市场结果的预测因素。儿童健康的社会决定因素会影响健康、疾病和病症的社会模式。这也会影响一个人一生的整体幸福感和功能。从生态角度来看儿童健康、幼儿护理和发育的因素，并按计划实施幼儿护理和发育中的参与式方法。健康的社会决定因素是导致健康出现积极或消极变化或改变疾病风险的因素。与医疗不同，健康的社会决定因素可以通过社会政策加以改变。社会梯度和健康平等是与理解社会因素如何影响健康相关的概念。
