Sharma Sandhya, Kaur Parampreet, Gaikwad Kishor
National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Front Genet. 2022 Oct 12;13:940660. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940660. eCollection 2022.
Cytokinins constitutes a vital group of plant hormones regulating several developmental processes, including growth and cell division, and have a strong influence on grain yield. Chemically, they are the derivatives of adenine and are the most complex and diverse group of hormones affecting plant physiology. In this review, we have provided a molecular understanding of the role of cytokinins in developing seeds, with special emphasis on pulses and oilseed crops. The importance of cytokinin-responsive genes including cytokinin oxidases and dehydrogenases (), isopentenyl transferase (), and cytokinin-mediated genetic regulation of seed size are described in detail. In addition, cytokinin expression in germinating seeds, its biosynthesis, source-sink dynamics, cytokinin signaling, and spatial expression of cytokinin family genes in oilseeds and pulses have been discussed in context to its impact on increasing economy yields. Recently, it has been shown that manipulation of the cytokinin-responsive genes by mutation, RNA interference, or genome editing has a significant effect on seed number and/or weight in several crops. Nevertheless, the usage of cytokinins in improving crop quality and yield remains significantly underutilized. This is primarily due to the multigene control of cytokinin expression. The information summarized in this review will help the researchers in innovating newer and more efficient ways of manipulating cytokinin expression including genes with the aim to improve crop production, specifically of pulses and oilseed crops.
细胞分裂素是一类重要的植物激素，可调节多种发育过程，包括生长和细胞分裂，并对谷物产量有重大影响。从化学角度来看，它们是腺嘌呤的衍生物，是影响植物生理学的最复杂、最多样化的激素组。在本综述中，我们对细胞分裂素在种子发育中的作用进行了分子层面的理解，特别强调了豆类和油料作物。详细描述了细胞分裂素响应基因的重要性，包括细胞分裂素氧化酶和脱氢酶、异戊烯基转移酶，以及细胞分裂素介导的种子大小的遗传调控。此外，还讨论了细胞分裂素在萌发种子中的表达、其生物合成、源库动态、细胞分裂素信号传导，以及细胞分裂素家族基因在油料作物和豆类中的空间表达，及其对提高经济产量的影响。最近研究表明，通过突变、RNA干扰或基因组编辑对细胞分裂素响应基因进行操作，对几种作物的种子数量和/或重量有显著影响。然而，细胞分裂素在改善作物品质和产量方面的应用仍未得到充分利用。这主要是由于细胞分裂素表达受多基因控制。本综述总结的信息将有助于研究人员创新更新、更有效的方法来操纵细胞分裂素表达，包括相关基因，以提高作物产量，特别是豆类和油料作物的产量。
