Bakar Nurul Alia Syufina Abu, Khuzaini Nur Aliyyah, Baidurah Siti
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
AIMS Microbiol. 2022 Sep 16;8(3):357-371. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022025. eCollection 2022.
Biomass fuel is one of the renewable energy sources that can be produced by valorization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB). POME and EFB are available abundantly in Malaysia and only small portion is utilized to produce other value-added products. The objective of this study is to: (1) utilize the wastes from agro-industrial sector especially palm oil wastes and bio-valorize into value-added product of biomass fuel with high CEV, and simultaneously (2) reduce the waste accumulated in the palm oil factory. In this study, co-fermentation of bacteria ( sp.) and fungus () at 37 °C, 180 rpm for 5 days, followed by overnight oven-dry at 85 °C was conducted utilizing a mixture of POME and EFB with the ratio of 7:3 at laboratory scale. Three fermentation medium conditions were performed, namely: (1) Group 1: autoclaved POME and EFB without addition of any microorganisms, (2) Group 2: autoclaved POME and EFB with the addition of sp. LC 556247 and , and (3) Group 3: POME and EFB as it is (non-sterile). Among all condition, Group 2 with co-fermentation evinced the highest calorific energy value (CEV) of 26.71 MJ/kg, highest biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency of 61.11%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency at 48.47%, and total suspended solid (TSS) reduction of 37.12%. Overall, this study successfully utilized abundant POME and EFB waste and turn into value added product of renewable biomass fuel with high CEV percentage and simultaneously able to reduce abundant liquid waste.
生物质燃料是可再生能源之一，可通过棕榈油厂废水（POME）和空果串（EFB）的增值利用来生产。POME和EFB在马来西亚大量存在，但只有一小部分被用于生产其他增值产品。本研究的目的是：（1）利用农业工业部门的废物，特别是棕榈油废物，并将其生物转化为具有高发热量（CEV）的生物质燃料增值产品，同时（2）减少棕榈油厂积累的废物。在本研究中，在实验室规模下，使用比例为7:3的POME和EFB混合物，在37℃、180转/分钟的条件下进行细菌（sp.）和真菌（）的共发酵5天，然后在85℃下过夜烘干。进行了三种发酵培养基条件的实验，即：（1）第1组：高压灭菌的POME和EFB，不添加任何微生物；（2）第2组：高压灭菌的POME和EFB，添加sp. LC 556247和；（3）第3组：原样的POME和EFB（非无菌）。在所有条件中，共发酵的第2组表现出最高的发热量值（CEV），为26.71 MJ/kg，最高的生化需氧量（BOD）去除效率为61.11%，化学需氧量（COD）去除效率为48.47%，总悬浮固体（TSS）减少了37.12%。总体而言，本研究成功利用了大量的POME和EFB废物，将其转化为具有高CEV百分比的可再生生物质燃料增值产品，同时能够减少大量的液体废物。
