Hasan Fatima, Rannaware Asmita, Choudhari Sonali G
Community Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 28;14(9):e29687. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29687. eCollection 2022 Sep.
A robust health system demands investments in public health and healthcare as they aid in closing the health protection gap. They are primarily responsible for longer life expectancies, disease prevention, and protection. Loopholes in the public health system were formed due to a lack of transparency and have only worsened throughout COVID-19. Spending more on public health is associated with fewer deaths, fewer food-borne illnesses, better sanitation, food safety, clean air and water, increased immunizations to stave against infectious diseases, and a decline in low birth weight. A comprehensive literature and data search was conducted using web-based search engines like PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the New England Journal of Medicine. The review study standpoints healthcare spending, out-of-pocket expenditures, and other monetary use in various low-to-high-income countries, and the results are graphically represented. Countries with a strong public health system provide all the necessary aid to protect their citizens. They have cost-effective, readily available resources with fewer out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPs), government schemes, and health insurance to help their people. During our research, it was found how little the Indian government spends on healthcare as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) as compared to 'thought-to-be' poor countries like Bhutan.
一个强大的卫生系统需要对公共卫生和医疗保健进行投资，因为它们有助于缩小卫生保护差距。它们主要负责延长预期寿命、预防疾病和提供保护。公共卫生系统中的漏洞是由于缺乏透明度而形成的，并且在新冠疫情期间愈发严重。在公共卫生方面投入更多资金会带来死亡人数减少、食源性疾病减少、卫生条件改善、食品安全提升、空气和水更清洁、预防传染病的免疫接种增加以及低体重儿数量下降等结果。我们使用了基于网络的搜索引擎，如PubMed、美国国立生物技术信息中心（NCBI）、谷歌学术、科学Direct和《新英格兰医学杂志》，进行了全面的文献和数据检索。该综述研究考察了不同低收入到高收入国家的医疗支出、自付费用及其他货币使用情况，并以图表形式呈现结果。拥有强大公共卫生系统的国家会提供一切必要援助来保护其公民。它们拥有成本效益高、随时可用的资源，自付费用较少，还有政府计划和医疗保险来帮助民众。在我们的研究过程中，发现与像不丹这样“被认为”贫穷的国家相比，印度政府在医疗保健方面的支出占国内生产总值（GDP）的比例是多么低。
