限制糖或碳水化合物的摄入并不会影响 24 小时内的体力活动水平或能量摄入，尽管底物的利用会发生变化：一项在健康男性和女性中进行的随机交叉研究。
Restricting sugar or carbohydrate intake does not impact physical activity level or energy intake over 24 h despite changes in substrate use: a randomised crossover study in healthy men and women.
机构信息
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
出版信息
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Mar;62(2):921-940. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03048-x. Epub 2022 Nov 3.
PURPOSE
To determine the effects of dietary sugar or carbohydrate restriction on physical activity energy expenditure, energy intake, and physiological outcomes across 24 h.
METHODS
In a randomized, open-label crossover design, twenty-five healthy men (n = 10) and women (n = 15) consumed three diets over a 24-h period: moderate carbohydrate and sugar content (MODSUG = 50% carbohydrate [20% sugars], 15% protein, 35% fat); low sugar content (LOWSUG = 50% carbohydrate [< 5% sugars], 15% protein, 35% fat); and low carbohydrate content (LOWCHO = 8% carbohydrate [< 5% sugars], 15% protein, 77% fat). Postprandial metabolic responses to a prescribed breakfast (20% EI) were monitored under laboratory conditions before an ad libitum test lunch, with subsequent diet and physical activity monitoring under free-living conditions until blood sample collection the following morning.
RESULTS
The MODSUG, LOWSUG and LOWCHO diets resulted in similar mean [95%CI] rates of both physical activity energy expenditure (771 [624, 919] vs. 677 [565, 789] vs. 802 [614, 991] kcal·d; p = 0.29] and energy intake (2071 [1794, 2347] vs. 2195 [1918, 2473] vs. 2194 [1890, 2498] kcal·d; P = 0.34), respectively. The LOWCHO condition elicited the lowest glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to breakfast (P < 0.01) but the highest 24-h increase in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001), with no differences between the MODSUG and LOWSUG treatments. Leptin concentrations decreased over 24-h of consuming LOWCHO relative to LOWSUG (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
When energy density is controlled for, restricting either sugar or total dietary carbohydrate does not modulate physical activity level or energy intake over a 24-h period (~ 19-h free-living) despite substantial metabolic changes.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ID
NCT03509610, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03509610.
目的
在 24 小时内，确定饮食中糖或碳水化合物限制对体力活动能量消耗、能量摄入和生理结果的影响。
方法
采用随机、开放标签交叉设计，25 名健康男性（n=10）和女性（n=15）在 24 小时内分别摄入三种饮食：中等碳水化合物和糖含量（MODSUG=50%碳水化合物[20%糖]、15%蛋白质、35%脂肪）；低糖含量（LOWSUG=50%碳水化合物[<5%糖]、15%蛋白质、35%脂肪）；低碳水化合物含量（LOWCHO=8%碳水化合物[<5%糖]、15%蛋白质、77%脂肪）。在实验室条件下，对规定的早餐（20%EI）进行餐后代谢反应监测，然后在自由生活条件下进行自由饮食和体力活动监测，直到第二天早上采集血样。
结果
MODSUG、LOWSUG 和 LOWCHO 饮食导致相似的平均[95%CI]体力活动能量消耗率（771[624,919]与 677[565,789]与 802[614,991]千卡·天；P=0.29）和能量摄入量（2071[1794,2347]与 2195[1918,2473]与 2194[1890,2498]千卡·天；P=0.34）。LOWCHO 条件对早餐的血糖和胰岛素反应最低（P<0.01），但 24 小时内 LDL-胆固醇浓度升高最高（P<0.001），MODSUG 和 LOWSUG 处理之间无差异。与 LOWSUG 相比，LOWCHO 消耗 24 小时后瘦素浓度降低（P<0.01）。
结论
当能量密度得到控制时，限制糖或总膳食碳水化合物在 24 小时（约 19 小时自由生活）内不会调节体力活动水平或能量摄入，尽管代谢发生了很大变化。
临床试验注册号
NCT03509610，https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03509610。
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