National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024 Sep;32(9):1689-1698. doi: 10.1002/oby.24104. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
The objective of this study was to explore how dietary macronutrient composition influences postprandial appetite hormone responses and subsequent energy intake.
A total of 20 adults (mean [SEM], age 30 [1] years, BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m, n = 8 with normal weight, n = 6 with overweight, n = 6 with obesity) consumed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate) and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (10% carbohydrate, 75% fat) for 2 weeks each in an inpatient randomized crossover design. At the end of each diet, participants consumed isocaloric macronutrient-representative breakfast test meals, and 6-h postprandial responses were measured. Ad libitum energy intake was measured for the rest of the day.
The LC meal resulted in greater mean postprandial plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; LC: 6.44 [0.78] pg/mL, LF: 2.46 [0.26] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; LC: 578 [60] pg/mL, LF: 319 [37] pg/mL; p = 0.0004), and peptide YY (PYY; LC: 65.6 [5.6] pg/mL, LF: 50.7 [3.8] pg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas total ghrelin (LC: 184 [25] pg/mL, LF: 261 [47] pg/mL; p = 0.0009), active ghrelin (LC: 91 [9] pg/mL, LF: 232 [28] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and leptin (LC: 26.9 [6.5] ng/mL, LF: 35.2 [7.5] ng/mL; p = 0.01) were lower compared with LF. Participants ate more during LC at lunch (244 [85] kcal; p = 0.01) and dinner (193 [86] kcal; p = 0.04), increasing total subsequent energy intake for the day compared with LF (551 [103] kcal; p < 0.0001).
In the short term, endogenous gut-derived appetite hormones do not necessarily determine ad libitum energy intake.
本研究旨在探讨膳食宏量营养素组成如何影响餐后食欲激素反应和随后的能量摄入。
共 20 名成年人（平均 [SEM]，年龄 30 [1] 岁，BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m，n=8 名体重正常，n=6 名超重，n=6 名肥胖）分别采用低脂（LF）饮食（10%脂肪，75%碳水化合物）和低碳水化合物（LC）饮食（10%碳水化合物，75%脂肪）进行 2 周的住院随机交叉设计。在每种饮食的最后，参与者摄入等热量的宏量营养素代表性早餐测试餐，并测量 6 小时的餐后反应。其余时间测量自由进食的能量摄入。
LC 餐导致更大的平均餐后血浆活性胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1；LC：6.44 [0.78] pg/mL，LF：2.46 [0.26] pg/mL；p < 0.0001）、总葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放肽（GIP；LC：578 [60] pg/mL，LF：319 [37] pg/mL；p = 0.0004）和肽 YY（PYY；LC：65.6 [5.6] pg/mL，LF：50.7 [3.8] pg/mL；p = 0.02），而总胃饥饿素（LC：184 [25] pg/mL，LF：261 [47] pg/mL；p = 0.0009）、活性胃饥饿素（LC：91 [9] pg/mL，LF：232 [28] pg/mL；p < 0.0001）和瘦素（LC：26.9 [6.5] ng/mL，LF：35.2 [7.5] ng/mL；p = 0.01）均低于 LF。与 LF 相比，参与者在 LC 午餐（244 [85] 千卡；p = 0.01）和晚餐（193 [86] 千卡；p = 0.04）时摄入更多，导致全天随后的总能量摄入增加（551 [103] 千卡；p < 0.0001）。
短期来看，内源性肠道来源的食欲激素不一定决定自由进食的能量摄入。
