Pambou Henri Olivier Tatsilong, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine, Fossi Bertrand Tatsinkou, Roche Frederic, Guyot Jessica, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Dupre Caroline, Bongue Bienvenu, Nkenfou Celine Nguefeu
University of Buea, Faculty of Sciences, Buea, Cameroon.
INSERM, UMR 1059, SAINBIOSE, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
AIMS Public Health. 2022 Jun 8;9(3):490-505. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2022034. eCollection 2022.
Increasing the longevity of people living with HIV (PLHIV) around the world has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and morbidity. The impact of these trends on the epidemiology of CVD among PLHIV is less clear. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for CVD, and to estimate these risks at 10 years in PLHIV aged 50 and above.
This was a descriptive and analytical study carried out at Mvog Ada District Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon from January 2020 to January 2021. Descriptive bivariate analyses were used to present the data. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and in terms of means and standard deviations for continuous variables where appropriate. The 10-year CVD risk score was calculated using two tools: the validated Framingham risk score (FRS) (low < 10%, moderate 10-20% and high ≥ 20%) and SCORE score (SSC) (low < 3%, moderate 3-4% and high ≥ 5%). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to examine the respective relationships between the binary dependent variable high CVD risk (FRS ≥ 20%) and the population group, alcohol consumption (more than 10 glasses of beer per week, or more than 35.7 cl/day) and hypertriglyceridemia (independent variables). A p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 112 people aged 50 and above were enrolled in the study out of 180 people registered at the HIV care unit, that is a participation rate of 62.22%. The average age of the participants was 57.3 ± 6.4 years, and the female/male ratio was 1.6. The majority of participants (53.57%) had normal glycaemia levels (<1.10 g/L), 4.46% were diabetic and 46.40% had high blood pressure. The adherence rate for ARV treatment was 98.20%; most participants (77.20%) were alcohol consumers, and 28.10% of participants had hypertriglyceridemia. The estimates of overall cardiovascular risk in 10 years presented 50.90% of participants with low risk, 33% with moderate risk and 16.10% with high risk.
Our study indicated an overall risk of cardiovascular events in 10 years is 16.10%, with the main conditional risk factor being hypertriglyceridemia and alcohol consumption, which appeared to triple the risk of CVD among PLHIV.
全球感染艾滋病毒者（PLHIV）寿命的延长伴随着心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的流行率和发病率的增加。这些趋势对PLHIV中CVD流行病学的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估CVD的危险因素，并估计50岁及以上PLHIV在10年内的这些风险。
这是一项描述性和分析性研究，于2020年1月至2021年1月在喀麦隆雅温得的姆沃加阿达区医院进行。采用描述性双变量分析来呈现数据。分类变量的数据以频率和百分比表示，连续变量的数据在适当情况下以均值和标准差表示。使用两种工具计算10年CVD风险评分：经过验证的弗雷明汉风险评分（FRS）（低风险<10%，中度风险10 - 20%，高风险≥20%）和SCORE评分（SSC）（低风险<3%，中度风险3 - 4%，高风险≥5%）。构建多元逻辑回归模型，以检验二元因变量高CVD风险（FRS≥20%）与人群组、饮酒量（每周超过10杯啤酒，或每天超过35.7厘升）和高甘油三酯血症（自变量）之间的各自关系。p值小于或等于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在艾滋病毒护理单元登记的180人中，共有112名50岁及以上的人参与了本研究，参与率为62.22%。参与者的平均年龄为57.3±6.4岁，女性/男性比例为1.6。大多数参与者（53.57%）血糖水平正常（<1.10克/升），4.46%患有糖尿病，46.40%患有高血压。抗逆转录病毒治疗的依从率为98.20%；大多数参与者（77.20%）饮酒，28.10%的参与者患有高甘油三酯血症。10年总体心血管风险估计显示，50.90%的参与者风险较低，33%的参与者风险中等，16.10%的参与者风险较高。
我们的研究表明，10年内心血管事件的总体风险为16.10%，主要的条件性风险因素是高甘油三酯血症和饮酒，这似乎使PLHIV患CVD的风险增加了两倍。
