Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sports Med. 2022 Dec;52(Suppl 1):91-99. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01772-2. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a vital energy intermediate in skeletal muscle. The discovery of dietary-derived NAD precursors has led to the rapid development of NAD therapeutics designed to manipulate NAD content in target tissues. Of those developed, nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide have been reported to display health benefit in humans under clinical scenarios of NAD deficiency. In contrast, relatively little is known regarding the potential benefit of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy individuals, with questions remaining as to whether NAD therapeutics can be used to support training adaptation or improve performance in athletic populations. Examining animal and human nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies, this review discusses current evidence suggesting that NAD therapeutics do not alter skeletal muscle metabolism or improve athletic performance in healthy humans. Further, we will highlight potential reasons why nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies do not translate to healthy populations and discuss the futility of testing NAD therapeutics outside of the clinical populations where NAD deficiency is present.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）是骨骼肌中重要的能量中间产物。膳食来源的 NAD 前体的发现，促使旨在调节靶组织 NAD 含量的 NAD 治疗药物迅速发展。在已开发的药物中，烟酰胺核苷和烟酰胺单核苷酸已被报道在 NAD 缺乏的临床情况下对人类显示出健康益处。相比之下，关于烟酰胺核苷和烟酰胺单核苷酸补充剂对健康个体的潜在益处，人们知之甚少，仍存在疑问，即 NAD 治疗药物是否可用于支持训练适应或提高运动员人群的表现。本文通过研究动物和人类烟酰胺核苷补充剂的研究，讨论了目前的证据表明，NAD 治疗药物不会改变健康人类的骨骼肌代谢或提高运动表现。此外，我们将重点介绍为什么烟酰胺核苷补充剂研究不能转化为健康人群的潜在原因，并讨论在 NAD 缺乏的临床人群之外测试 NAD 治疗药物的无效性。
