Bartel Ann, Rossin-Slater Maya, Ruhm Christopher, Slopen Meredith, Waldfogel Jane
Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2023 Apr 3;44:429-443. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071521-025257. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
This article reviews the evidence on the impacts of paid family and medical leave (PFML) policies on workers' health, family well-being, and employer outcomes. While an extensive body of research demonstrates the mostly beneficial effects of PFML taken by new parents on infant, child, and parental health, less is known about its impact on employees who need leave to care for older children, adult family members, or elderly relatives. The evidence on employers is similarly limited but indicates that PFML does not impose major burdens on them. Taken together, the evidence suggests that PFML policies are likely to have important short- and long-term benefits for population health, without generating large costs for employers. At thesame time, further research is needed to understand the effects of different policy parameters (e.g., wage replacement rate and leave duration) and of other types of leave beyond parental leave.
本文回顾了带薪家庭和医疗假（PFML）政策对工人健康、家庭福祉和雇主成果影响的相关证据。虽然大量研究表明，初为人父母者休带薪家庭和医疗假对婴儿、儿童和父母健康大多有有益影响，但对于其对需要请假照顾大龄子女、成年家庭成员或老年亲属的员工的影响，我们了解得较少。关于雇主的证据同样有限，但表明带薪家庭和医疗假政策不会给他们带来重大负担。综合来看，证据表明，带薪家庭和医疗假政策可能会给人群健康带来重要的短期和长期益处，同时不会给雇主带来巨大成本。与此同时，需要进一步开展研究，以了解不同政策参数（如工资替代率和休假时长）以及除育儿假之外的其他类型休假的影响。
