Genemarkers LLC, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2023 Feb;45(1):95-107. doi: 10.1111/ics.12821. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
High-intensity visible light (HEV), also referred to as blue light, has a wavelength of 400-500 nm and accounts for approximately one-third of the visible light. Blue light is also emitted from electronic devices and artificial indoor lighting. Studies have shown that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even as short as 1 h, can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and necrosis. Despite comprising a significant portion of the light spectrum, the effects of HEV light have not been studied as extensively. This is in part due to a lack of suitable in vitro testing methods. This work was conducted in order to develop a reproducible testing method for assessing the effects of blue light on the skin.
Testing was performed using a full thickness, 3D in vitro skin tissue model. Different exposure protocols were tested to (1) determine the biological effects of blue light on the skin and (2) to identify an appropriate exposure for routine testing of cosmetic materials that may protect the skin from blue light damage. Gene expression and protein biomarkers were measured using qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods.
Our work demonstrates that daily exposure to blue light produced dose-and-time-dependent changes in biomarkers associated with skin damage. Exposure to blue light for 6 h for 5 consecutive days (total intensity of 30 J/cm ) increased the expression of genes that regulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways and decreased the expression of genes that maintain skin barrier and tissue integrity. Exposure to blue light significantly increased protein biomarkers associated with ageing, inflammation and tissue damage. IHC staining confirmed changes in collagen, filaggrin and NQO1 protein expression. Treatment with ascorbic acid inhibited the effects of blue light, demonstrating a role in protection from blue light.
Our results showed that consistent blue light exposure produced skin damage via alterations in biological pathways that are associated with skin ageing. This work provides a new, reproducible in vitro testing method for assessing the effects of blue light on human skin using gene expression, protein ELISA and IHC staining.
高强度可见光（HEV），也称为蓝光，波长为 400-500nm，占可见光的约三分之一。蓝光也会从电子设备和人工室内照明中发出。研究表明，即使人类皮肤细胞仅暴露于电子设备发出的光 1 小时，也会导致活性氧（ROS）、细胞凋亡和坏死增加。尽管 HEV 光构成了光光谱的重要组成部分，但对其影响的研究还不够广泛。这在一定程度上是由于缺乏合适的体外测试方法。这项工作旨在开发一种可重复使用的测试方法，以评估蓝光对皮肤的影响。
使用全厚度、3D 体外皮肤组织模型进行测试。测试了不同的暴露方案，以（1）确定蓝光对皮肤的生物学影响，（2）确定一种合适的暴露方案，用于常规测试可能保护皮肤免受蓝光损伤的化妆品材料。使用 qPCR、ELISA 和免疫组织化学（IHC）方法测量基因表达和蛋白质生物标志物。
我们的工作表明，每天暴露于蓝光会导致与皮肤损伤相关的生物标志物产生剂量和时间依赖性变化。连续 5 天每天暴露于蓝光 6 小时（总强度为 30J/cm），会增加调节炎症和氧化应激途径的基因表达，并降低维持皮肤屏障和组织完整性的基因表达。暴露于蓝光会显著增加与衰老、炎症和组织损伤相关的蛋白质生物标志物。IHC 染色证实了胶原蛋白、丝聚蛋白和 NQO1 蛋白表达的变化。抗坏血酸处理抑制了蓝光的作用，表明其在保护皮肤免受蓝光损伤方面的作用。
我们的结果表明，持续的蓝光暴露会通过改变与皮肤衰老相关的生物学途径导致皮肤损伤。这项工作提供了一种新的、可重复的体外测试方法，可使用基因表达、蛋白质 ELISA 和 IHC 染色评估蓝光对人类皮肤的影响。
