Arjmandi N, Mortazavi Gh, Zarei S, Faraz M, Mortazavi S A R
Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Biomed Phys Eng. 2018 Dec 1;8(4):447-452. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones' digital screens as well as smartphones' photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones' flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.
自地球上出现人类生命以来，我们的皮肤就一直暴露在不同强度的光线下。近来，由于现代生活不可避免的影响，人类白天无法接触到足够强度的自然光，而夜间却过度暴露在强度相对较高的人造光下。皮肤是氧化应激的主要靶点，衰老与氧化应激之间的联系已有充分记载。特别是，外在皮肤衰老可能由氧化应激引起。发光二极管（LED）的广泛使用以及智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和台式电脑的使用迅速增加，导致人类眼睛暴露于短波长可见光的情况显著增多。最近的研究表明，即使将人类皮肤细胞暴露于电子设备发出的光下短短1小时，也可能导致活性氧（ROS）生成、细胞凋亡和坏死。在电离与非电离辐射防护研究中心（INIRPRC），研究人类和其他生物暴露于蓝光区域短波长可见光的生物学效应是我们的研究重点之一。如今，人们越来越关注诸如峰值发射在蓝光范围（400 - 490纳米）的LED等光源的安全性。最近旨在研究电子设备发出的光对人类皮肤细胞影响的研究表明，即使是短时间暴露也会增加活性氧的生成。然而，长期或反复暴露的生物学效应尚未完全明确。此外，有报道指出，频繁暴露于自拍闪光灯的可见光谱可能会导致皮肤损伤和皮肤加速衰老。在本文中，我们探讨了暴露于智能手机数字屏幕发出的光以及智能手机闪光灯发出的光对人类皮肤过早衰老潜在影响的不同方面。具体讨论了蓝光对眼睛和皮肤的影响。基于目前的知识，可以提出改变基于LED的智能手机闪光灯的光谱输出，作为一种有效的方法来减少与蓝光暴露相关的不良健康影响。
