This study aims to analyze the research hotspots and trends regarding neuroinflammation in sleep disorders over the past 30 years through bibliometric and review analyses. Relevant publications were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We utilized VOSviewer and CiteSpace for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the literature to provide an objective presentation and predictions. A total of 2545 publications related to neuroinflammation and sleep disorders were identified, with the overall number of publications showing a continuous upward trend. Most of the publications originated from the United States and China. The University of Toronto, Harvard Medical School, and the University of California, Los Angeles, are leading institutions in this field. David Gozal and Michael R. Irwin are recognized as prominent figures in this area. The and are the journals with the highest publication volume. Keywords and clustering analyses indicate that the current research in this field has developed a multidisciplinary integration pattern, with core trends focusing on the multi-axis regulation of neuroimmune interaction mechanisms, as well as individualized targeted intervention strategies based on biomarkers and gene editing. Additionally, the development of emerging technologies such as organoids and the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborative networks bring new hope for exploring the interactions between neuroinflammation and sleep disorders.