Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2022 Nov;35:140-149. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.05.006. Epub 2022 May 27.
NASA aims to return humans to the moon within the next five years and to land humans on Mars in a few decades. Space radiation exposure represents a major challenge to astronauts' health during long-duration missions, as it is linked to increased risks of cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, central nervous system (CNS) impairment, and other negative outcomes. Characterization of radiation health effects and developing corresponding countermeasures are high priorities for the preparation of long duration space travel. Due to limitations of animal and cell models, the development of novel physiologically relevant radiation models is needed to better predict these individual risks and bridge gaps between preclinical testing and clinical trials in drug development. "Clinical Trial in a Dish" (CTiD) is now possible with the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offering a powerful tool for drug safety or efficacy testing using patient-specific cell models. Here we review the development and applications of CTiD for space radiation biology and countermeasure studies, focusing on progress made in the past decade.
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的目标是在未来五年内将人类送回月球，并在未来几十年内将人类送上火星。在长时间的任务中，太空辐射暴露对宇航员的健康构成了重大挑战，因为它与癌症、心血管功能障碍、中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤以及其他负面后果的风险增加有关。辐射健康影响的特征描述和开发相应的对策是为长时间太空旅行做准备的重中之重。由于动物和细胞模型的局限性，需要开发新型生理相关的辐射模型，以便更好地预测这些个体风险，并缩小临床前测试与药物开发临床试验之间的差距。现在，使用人类诱导多能干细胞（hiPSC）可以实现“类器官临床试验”（CTiD），为使用患者特异性细胞模型进行药物安全性或疗效测试提供了强大工具。本文综述了 CTiD 在空间辐射生物学和对策研究中的发展和应用，重点介绍了过去十年取得的进展。
