Ostendorf Sina, Brand Matthias
General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 19;13:996512. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996512. eCollection 2022.
Self-disclosures on online social networks have received increased attention in the last two decades. Researchers from different disciplines investigated manifold influencing variables, and studies applied different theories to explain why many users share very sensitive and personal information despite potential risks and negative consequences, whereas others do not. Oftentimes, it is argued that self-disclosure decisions result from a kind of rational "calculus" of risks and benefits. However, such an assumption of rationality can and has been criticized. Nevertheless, fundamental cognitive and affective mechanisms that underlie self-disclosure decision making on social networks are still under-explored. By building upon previous self-disclosure theories and models, dual-and tripartite-system perspectives of decision making, and former empirical findings, we propose a Tripartite Self-Disclosure Decision (TSDD) model that conceptualizes inner processes of online self-disclosure decision making. Central to this model is the proposed interaction of three neural and cognitive/affective systems: a reflective, an impulsive, and an interoceptive system. We further highlight individual and environmental features, which can impact individuals' online self-disclosure decisions by (interactively) influencing the proposed inner decision-making processes targeting the aforementioned three systems. Possible short- and long-term consequences are also discussed, which in turn can affect certain model components in subsequent self-disclosure decision situations. By taking such a neurocognitive perspective, we expand current research and models, which helps to better understand potentially risky information sharing on online social networks and can support attempts to prevent users from incautious self-disclosures.
在过去二十年中，在线社交网络上的自我表露受到了越来越多的关注。来自不同学科的研究人员调查了多种影响变量，并且研究运用了不同的理论来解释为什么许多用户尽管存在潜在风险和负面后果，仍会分享非常敏感和个人的信息，而其他用户则不会。通常，有人认为自我表露的决定源于一种对风险和收益的理性“权衡”。然而，这种理性假设可能且已经受到批评。尽管如此，社交网络上自我表露决策背后的基本认知和情感机制仍未得到充分探索。通过借鉴先前的自我表露理论和模型、决策的二元和三元系统观点以及先前的实证研究结果，我们提出了一个三元自我表露决策（TSDD）模型，该模型将在线自我表露决策的内部过程概念化。该模型的核心是提出的三个神经和认知/情感系统的相互作用：一个反思系统、一个冲动系统和一个内感受系统。我们进一步强调了个体和环境特征，它们可以通过（交互地）影响针对上述三个系统的内部决策过程来影响个体的在线自我表露决策。还讨论了可能的短期和长期后果，这些后果反过来又会在随后的自我表露决策情境中影响某些模型组件。通过采取这样一种神经认知视角，我们扩展了当前的研究和模型，这有助于更好地理解在线社交网络上潜在的风险信息共享，并可以支持防止用户进行轻率自我表露的尝试。
