Li Xiangxiang, Zhou Luoxiong, Zhang Cheng, Li Dasuan, Wang Zelan, Sun Dali, Liao Chaoxuan, Zhang Qinghai
The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 19;9:1014147. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147. eCollection 2022.
The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people's concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. The Cd exceeding ratios were 11.600% for rice, 13.500% for corn, and 45.100% for wheat grains, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, high levels of F and Cd in rice were found in the northern and central in Guizhou, while Cd in corn was distributed in the eastern and F in corn were distributed in the west area of Guizhou. Moreover, the high levels of F and Cd in wheat were distributed in the western and eastern areas. The mean carcinogenic risks (R) of Cd in rice, corn, and wheat in children were 4.150 × 10, 1.670 × 10 and 3.470 × 10, respectively, and that in adults were 3.430 × 10, 0.471 × 10, and 2.190 × 10, respectively. The HI for adults in rice, corn and wheat grains were 0.756, 0.154, and 0.514, respectively, and that for children were 0.913, 0.549, and 0.814, respectively. Collectively, the potential risks produced by F and Cd to the local residents should not be ignored.
中国西南部贵州省种植的氟（F）和镉（Cd）背景值较高的农作物的污染状况引起了人们的关注。本研究旨在调查水稻、玉米和小麦籽粒中F和Cd的空间分布，并进一步评估它们对贵州省居民的健康风险。分别采用氟离子选择性电极法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定F和Cd的含量。此外，采用反距离加权（IDW）技术分析空间分布，并通过目标危害商（THQ）和危害指数（HI）估算健康风险。结果表明，水稻样品中Cd含量在0.000至0.463之间，玉米样品中Cd含量在0.000至0.307之间，小麦样品中Cd含量在0.012至0.537（mg/kg）之间，而F含量范围分别为0.825至5.193（水稻）、0.946至8.485（玉米）和0.271至9.143（小麦）mg/kg。水稻、玉米和小麦籽粒的Cd超标率分别为11.600%、13.500%和45.100%。在空间分布方面，贵州北部和中部的水稻中F和Cd含量较高，而玉米中的Cd分布在东部，F分布在贵州西部地区。此外，小麦中高含量的F和Cd分布在西部和东部地区。儿童食用水稻、玉米和小麦中Cd的平均致癌风险（R）分别为4.150×10、1.670×10和3.470×10，成人分别为3.430×10、0.471×10和2.190×10。水稻、玉米和小麦籽粒中成人的HI分别为0.756、0.154和0.514，儿童分别为0.913、0.549和0.814。总体而言，F和Cd对当地居民产生的潜在风险不容忽视。
