Jatoi Noor-Ahmed, Said Abir H, Al-Ghamdi Mawaddah S, Al-Abdulmhsin Marwah F, Bin-Jaban Raghad A, Al-Tayeb Jumana A, Aljarri Shadan A, Saeed Ibrahim
Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar, SAU.
Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Oct 1;14(10):e29808. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29808. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disorder worldwide. Impaired control of glucose levels predisposes to renal dysfunction, detected by a diagnosis of microalbuminuria. Several other risk factors have been identified in the development of microalbuminuria, such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Objective Assessment of microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in type-II diabetic patients who attended the outpatient clinic for the internal medicine department at King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional and an observational study included data from 2014 to 2022 collected from medical records. Patients with diabetes type-II and aged ≥18 years were included. The following were reviewed (age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist, hip, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diagnosis of dyslipidemia/hypertension, diabetes duration in years) and laboratory results (fasting blood glucose, HbA1C%, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides). Microalbuminuria was measured by the urine albumin to creatinine ratio and was diagnosed if levels were 30-300 mg/g. Results Among 301 studied patients, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was found at 36.8%. The mean age was 57.8 ± 12.6 years, and females were 45%. The mean ± SD fasting blood glucose was 165.9 ± 71.9 mg/dL, while HbA1C% was 8.8 ± 5.6. Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with age, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, HbA1C%, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride levels (p≤0.05). Conclusion Microalbuminuria in T2DM patients was high in this study, which emphasizes the need for early detection of microalbuminuria. The study suggests the need for effective diabetes control and the prevention of associated cardiovascular risk factors.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种全球常见的疾病。血糖水平控制不佳易导致肾功能障碍，可通过微量白蛋白尿的诊断来检测。在微量白蛋白尿的发生发展中还确定了其他几个风险因素，如高血压、吸烟、血脂异常和肥胖。目的：评估在法赫德国王大学医院内科门诊就诊的II型糖尿病患者的微量白蛋白尿和心血管危险因素。方法：一项回顾性横断面观察性研究纳入了2014年至2022年从病历中收集的数据。纳入年龄≥18岁的II型糖尿病患者。回顾了以下内容（年龄、性别、身高、体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、收缩压和舒张压、吸烟、久坐不动的生活方式、血脂异常/高血压的诊断、糖尿病病程（年））以及实验室检查结果（空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白百分比、估算肾小球滤过率、血清肌酐、血清胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯）。通过尿白蛋白与肌酐比值测量微量白蛋白尿，当水平为30 - 300 mg/g时诊断为微量白蛋白尿。结果：在301名研究患者中，微量白蛋白尿的患病率为36.8%。平均年龄为57.8±12.6岁，女性占45%。空腹血糖平均值±标准差为165.9±71.9 mg/dL，而糖化血红蛋白百分比为8.8±5.6。微量白蛋白尿与年龄（p≤0.05）、糖尿病病程、收缩压、糖化血红蛋白百分比、空腹血糖和甘油三酯水平显著相关。结论：本研究中T2DM患者的微量白蛋白尿发生率较高，这强调了早期检测微量白蛋白尿的必要性。该研究表明需要有效控制糖尿病并预防相关心血管危险因素。
