McAloon Catherine I, McCoy Finola, More Simon J
UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Animal Health Ireland, 4-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27, Ireland.
JDS Commun. 2021 Jul 1;2(5):271-276. doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0081. eCollection 2021 Sep.
The objective of this study is to update earlier work on intramammary (IM) antimicrobial (AM) usage in Ireland. There is a need to measure AM usage in food-producing animals given increasing societal concerns about AM resistance as well as recent regulatory changes that dictate changes in how AM are used in food-producing animals and how AM sales and usage are recorded. National sales data were collected and used in this analysis. Sales of the number of IM AM tubes and amount of active ingredient sold were analyzed each year by product type [in-lactation (LC) therapy and dry cow (DC) therapy] and classification system (World Health Organization and more recent European Medicine Agency). Descriptive trends in estimated IM AM use are presented, including defined course dose (DCDvet; a technical unit for on-farm usage). There has been a decrease in estimated on-farm usage of IM AM during lactation, from 0.48 DCDvet/cow per year in 2015 to 0.43 DCDvet/cow per year in 2019. Almost all LC therapies sold include critically important AM (CIA), with 98% of the total DCDvet administered for LC therapy in 2019 containing at least 1 CIA. There has been a slow increase in tubes containing at least 1 highest priority CIA in LC therapies, from 0.01 DCDvet/cow per year in 2003, accounting for 2% of the total DCDvet administered for LC therapy, to 0.03 DCDvet/cow per year in 2019, accounting for 7% of the total DCDvet administered for LC use. The estimated usage of IM AM DC therapy has decreased from 1.09 DCDvet/cow per year in 2015 to 0.95 DCDvet/cow per year in 2019. In the last 5 yr, more than 40% of the total DC DCDvet administered contained at least 1 CIA, and there has been an increase in recent years in the percentage of the total DC DCDvet administered that contains at least 1 highest priority CIA, driven mainly by use of fourth-generation cephalosporin. This work provides further insights into IM AM usage in Ireland and highlights some important areas for attention, including availability of farm-level usage data, prescribing practices, and usage of important AM.
本研究的目的是更新爱尔兰关于乳房内（IM）抗菌药物（AM）使用情况的早期研究。鉴于社会对AM耐药性的日益关注，以及近期监管变化对食品生产动物AM使用方式及AM销售和使用记录方式的规定，有必要对食品生产动物的AM使用情况进行衡量。本分析收集并使用了全国销售数据。每年按产品类型[泌乳期（LC）治疗和干奶期（DC）治疗]和分类系统（世界卫生组织及更新的欧洲药品管理局）分析IM AM管的销售数量和活性成分的销售数量。呈现了估计的IM AM使用情况的描述性趋势，包括规定疗程剂量（DCDvet；农场使用的技术单位）。泌乳期IM AM的农场估计使用量有所下降，从2015年的每年0.48 DCDvet/头降至2019年的每年0.43 DCDvet/头。几乎所有销售的LC治疗药物都包含 critically important AM（CIA），2019年用于LC治疗的总DCDvet中有98%至少含有1种CIA。LC治疗中至少含有1种最高优先级CIA的药管数量缓慢增加，从2003年的每年0.01 DCDvet/头（占用于LC治疗的总DCDvet的2%）增至2019年的每年0.03 DCDvet/头（占用于LC治疗的总DCDvet的7%）。IM AM DC治疗的估计使用量从2015年的每年1.09 DCDvet/头降至2019年的每年0.95 DCDvet/头。在过去5年中，所施用的DC总DCDvet中有超过40%至少含有1种CIA，近年来，所施用的DC总DCDvet中至少含有1种最高优先级CIA的百分比有所增加，这主要是由第四代头孢菌素的使用推动的。这项工作为爱尔兰IM AM的使用情况提供了进一步的见解，并突出了一些需要关注的重要领域，包括农场层面使用数据的可用性、处方做法以及重要AM的使用情况。
