Yan Xiaoyu, Li Qiuju, Jing Lin, Wu Shuangyue, Duan Wei, Chen Yan, Chen Dayi, Pan Xiaoqi
School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 19;13:1017268. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1017268. eCollection 2022.
(PF), the edible fruits of L., serves as an important resource for some health products, foods and drugs due to its high safety and sufficient nutritional value. In recent years, and experiments have been conducted to reveal the active components of PF. More than 180 compounds have been isolated and identified from the PF so far, primarily including tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, fatty acids and amino acids. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), PF is used to cure several diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, peptic ulcer, hepatopathy, leprosy, and jaundice. Consistent with ethnopharmacology, numerous modern studies have demonstrated that the extracts or monomeric compounds derived from PF exhibit various pharmacological effects including anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-tumour, anti-virus, immunity improvement, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, and multiple organ protective protection. Toxicological studies on PF indicated the absence of any adverse effects even at a high dose after oral administration. Due to strict quality control, these pharmacological activities and the safety of PF greatly improve the development and utilization of products. Our comprehensive review aims to summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicology, and product development of PF to provide theoretical guidance and new insights for further research on PF in the future.
（PF），L. 的可食用果实，因其高安全性和充足的营养价值，成为一些保健品、食品和药品的重要资源。近年来，已经开展了多项实验来揭示PF的活性成分。到目前为止，已从PF中分离并鉴定出180多种化合物，主要包括单宁、酚酸、黄酮类、萜类、多糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸。在传统中医中，PF用于治疗多种疾病，如支气管炎、哮喘、糖尿病、消化性溃疡、肝病、麻风病和黄疸。与民族药理学一致，众多现代研究表明，PF提取物或单体化合物具有多种药理作用，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、免疫改善、降血糖和降血脂作用以及多器官保护作用。对PF的毒理学研究表明，即使口服高剂量也未发现任何不良反应。由于严格的质量控制，PF的这些药理活性和安全性极大地促进了产品的开发和利用。我们的综合综述旨在总结PF的植物化学、药理作用、毒理学和产品开发，为未来进一步研究PF提供理论指导和新见解。
