Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Jan 1;316(Pt 1):120516. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120516. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are developmental toxicants in experimental studies of animals, but limited evidence is available in humans. We included 340 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) for the analysis. We evaluated gestational exposure to OPEs with gestation age at birth and newborn anthropometric measures. We quantified four OPE urinary metabolites at 16 weeks and 26 weeks of gestation. We extracted gestational age at birth, newborn weight, length, and head circumference from the chart review. We calculated z-scores for these anthropometric measures and the ponderal index. We used multiple informant models to examine the associations between repeated OPE measurements and the outcomes. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate the association of gestational exposure to OPEs with preterm birth. We also explored effect modification by infant sex and the potential mediation effect by the highest maternal blood pressure and glucose levels. We found that bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) at 16 weeks and diphenyl phosphate at 26 weeks of pregnancy were positively associated with gestational age and inversely associated with preterm birth. In female newborns, BCEP at 16 weeks was inversely related to birth weight and length z-scores. In male newborns, we observed negative associations of 26-week di-n-butyl phosphate with the ponderal index at birth. No mediation by the highest maternal blood pressure or glucose levels during pregnancy was identified. In this cohort, gestational exposure to some OPEs was associated with gestational age, preterm birth, and neonatal anthropometric measures. Certain associations tended to be window- and infant sex-specific.
有机磷酸酯 (OPEs) 在动物实验研究中是发育毒物，但在人类中证据有限。我们在健康结果和环境测量（HOME）研究（美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提）中纳入了 340 对母婴对进行分析。我们通过出生时的胎龄和新生儿人体测量指标评估 OPE 的妊娠暴露情况。我们在妊娠 16 周和 26 周时定量测定了四种 OPE 尿代谢物。我们从图表审查中提取了出生时的胎龄、新生儿体重、长度和头围。我们为这些人体测量指标和体重指数计算了 z 分数。我们使用多信息模型来检查重复 OPE 测量值与结果之间的关联。我们使用修正泊松回归来估计 OPE 暴露与早产之间的关联。我们还探索了婴儿性别和母亲最高血压和血糖水平的潜在中介效应的作用修饰。我们发现，妊娠 16 周时的双（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯 (BCEP) 和妊娠 26 周时的磷酸二苯酯与胎龄呈正相关，与早产呈负相关。在女婴中，妊娠 16 周时的 BCEP 与出生体重和长度 z 分数呈负相关。在男婴中，我们观察到 26 周时的二正丁基磷酸酯与出生时体重指数呈负相关。在怀孕期间，最高血压或血糖水平没有中介作用。在该队列中，妊娠暴露于某些 OPEs 与胎龄、早产和新生儿人体测量指标有关。某些关联倾向于具有时间窗和婴儿性别特异性。
