Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health;
J Vis Exp. 2022 Oct 18(188). doi: 10.3791/64327.
It can be challenging to calculate nutrient intakes in population diet surveys because existing nutritional analysis software is generally oriented toward analyzing intakes of individuals and may not allow users to input or easily modify the food composition data used in the analysis. These are drawbacks that are more problematic in low- and middle-income country settings. While there are numerous software-assisted dietary assessment platforms that conduct onboard nutritional analysis and are appropriate for use in large surveys, they are often similarly limited, and further restrict users to specific assessment modalities. This paper presents a multifunctional system of integrated spreadsheets for nutritional analysis of population diet surveys (ISNAPDS) that provides a solution for situations in which data have been collected but cannot be adequately analyzed with existing software. The protocol involves supplying the system with fully customizable data on food composition, food group classifications, and food intake (food intake in g/day may be entered directly or calculated based on user-supplied intake frequencies and either standard or variable serving sizes). Following data entry, the user modifies a set of simple pre-populated formulas to match them to the structure of the input data and the system applies these formulas to calculate nutrient and food group intakes, and the contributions of food groups to nutrient intakes for all members of the survey population. The flexibility of the ISNAPDS system allows it to accommodate the global diversity of foods consumed and analyze quantitative, semiquantitative, and nonquantitative food consumption data collected using prospective and retrospective assessment methods employing different reference periods and portion size estimation methods. To date, the system has been applied in published and ongoing analyses of 24 h recall, diet record, food frequency, and disaggregated household consumption data from population surveys in China, Ethiopia, India, Mongolia, Thailand, and a multi-country analysis of 10 sub-Saharan African countries.
在人群饮食调查中计算营养素摄入量可能具有挑战性，因为现有的营养分析软件通常面向于分析个体的摄入量，并且可能不允许用户输入或轻松修改用于分析的食物成分数据。这些缺点在中低收入国家的情况下更为突出。虽然有许多软件辅助饮食评估平台可以进行 onboard 营养分析，并且适合于大型调查使用，但它们通常也有类似的限制，并且进一步限制用户使用特定的评估方式。本文提出了一个用于人群饮食调查营养分析的多功能集成电子表格系统（ISNAPDS），为已经收集但无法用现有软件进行充分分析的数据提供了解决方案。该方案涉及用完全可定制的数据（关于食物成分、食物组分类和食物摄入量）来供应系统，食物摄入量（以克/天为单位）可以直接输入，也可以根据用户提供的摄入量频率和标准或可变的份量来计算。输入数据后，用户可以修改一组简单的预填充公式，使其与输入数据的结构相匹配，然后系统会应用这些公式来计算营养素和食物组的摄入量，以及食物组对调查人群中所有成员的营养素摄入量的贡献。ISNAPDS 系统的灵活性使其能够适应全球各地不同的食物消费模式，并分析使用前瞻性和回顾性评估方法收集的定量、半定量和非定量食物消费数据，这些方法采用不同的参考期和份量估计方法。迄今为止，该系统已应用于已发表的和正在进行的 24 小时回顾、饮食记录、食物频率和人群调查中离散家庭消费数据的分析，涉及中国、埃塞俄比亚、印度、蒙古、泰国等国家，以及对 10 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的多国分析。
