Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin10589, Germany.
Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel24103, Germany.
Nutr Res Rev. 2023 Dec;36(2):484-497. doi: 10.1017/S0954422422000208. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Understanding the transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from oral exposure into cow's milk is not purely an experimental endeavour, as it has produced a large corpus of theoretical work. This work consists of a variety of predictive toxicokinetic models in the realms of health and environmental risk assessment and risk management. Their purpose is to provide mathematical predictive tools to organise and integrate knowledge on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes. Toxicokinetic models are based on more than 50 years of transfer studies summarised in part I of this review series. Here in part II, several of these models are described and systematically classified with a focus on their applicability to risk analysis as well as their limitations. This part of the review highlights the opportunities and challenges along the way towards accurate, congener-specific predictive models applicable to changing animal breeds and husbandry conditions.
理解多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDDs）和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）以及多氯联苯（PCBs）从口服暴露转移到牛奶中的情况不仅仅是一项实验性工作，因为它已经产生了大量的理论工作。这项工作包括健康和环境风险评估和风险管理领域的各种预测毒代动力学模型。它们的目的是提供数学预测工具，以组织和整合关于吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程的知识。毒代动力学模型基于本综述系列第一部分中总结的 50 多年的转移研究。在第二部分中，描述和系统地分类了其中的几个模型，重点是它们在风险分析中的适用性以及它们的局限性。这部分综述强调了在朝着适用于不断变化的动物品种和饲养条件的准确、同系物特异性预测模型前进的过程中的机遇和挑战。
