Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Composites Research Laboratory (CRLab), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jan 1;224:1152-1165. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.200. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
This study proposes 3D-printed Poly L-lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds coated with alginate/MgO, and includes three different cellular topologies. Three unique scaffold models were considered: Perovskite type 1 (P1), Perovskite type 2 (P2), and IWP. Each scaffold was coated with alginate/MgO at the concentrations of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%. For morphological and phase study, the microstructure of fabricated scaffolds was characterized using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Besides, the biological characteristics of scaffolds, such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and cell survival were studied after 21 days of soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The results of biological studies indicate that the apatite layer covered the majority of composite scaffold's surface and sealed the pores' surface. The material properties of Alginate/MgO RVEs were evaluated under PBC, and it described that the elastic modulus enhanced from 100 (pure Alginate) to 130 MPA by adding 20 wt% MgO nanoparticles. The presented findings were compared to the results obtained by the experimental procedure and revealed satisfactory agreement. RVE-achieved material properties were used in the additional studies on the scaffolds to find the best candidate due to the material properties and architectures. Furthermore, experiment and finite element simulation were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds under the compressive deformation. According to the results, the compressive strength of structures follows the order σ>σ >σ. The results indicate that increasing MgO content from 0 wt% to 20 wt% enhances each structure's compressive strength and elastic modulus. In conclusion, based on the biological findings and simulation results, PLA scaffold with Perovskite type 1 (P1) architecture coated with Alginate/ 20 wt% MgO had the best response which is the final research candidate.
本研究提出了 3D 打印聚 L-乳酸（PLA）支架，表面涂有藻酸盐/氧化镁，并包含三种不同的细胞拓扑结构。考虑了三种独特的支架模型：钙钛矿型 1（P1）、钙钛矿型 2（P2）和 IWP。每个支架分别用浓度为 0wt%、5wt%、10wt%、15wt%和 20wt%的藻酸盐/氧化镁进行涂层。为了进行形态和相研究，使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析对制备的支架的微观结构进行了表征。此外，还研究了支架的生物特性，如在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡 21 天后的生物相容性、抗菌活性和细胞存活率。生物研究结果表明，磷灰石层覆盖了大部分复合支架的表面，并密封了孔的表面。在周期性边界条件（PBC）下评估了 Alginate/MgO RVEs 的材料性能，并通过添加 20wt%氧化镁纳米粒子，使弹性模量从 100（纯藻酸盐）增强到 130MPA。将所得结果与实验结果进行了比较，发现吻合良好。在支架的进一步研究中，使用 RVE 获得的材料性能来寻找最佳候选者，因为材料性能和结构都很重要。此外，还使用实验和有限元模拟来评估支架在压缩变形下的机械性能。结果表明，结构的抗压强度遵循 σ>σ >σ 的顺序。结果表明，将 MgO 含量从 0wt%增加到 20wt%可以提高每个结构的抗压强度和弹性模量。总之，根据生物研究结果和模拟结果，涂有藻酸盐/20wt%氧化镁的钙钛矿型 1（P1）结构的 PLA 支架具有最佳的响应，是最终的研究候选者。
