Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Fam Process. 2023 Dec;62(4):1687-1708. doi: 10.1111/famp.12829. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Adolescent disordered eating and obesity are interrelated and adversely relate to mental and metabolic health. Parental feeding practices have been associated with adolescent disordered eating and obesity. Yet, observable interactions related to food parenting have not been well characterized. To address this gap, N = 30 adolescents (M ± SD 14 ± 2 year) at risk for adult obesity due to above-average body mass index (BMI ≥70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m ) participated in a video-recorded parent-adolescent task to discuss a food/eating-related disagreement. Interactions were coded for individual/dyadic affect/content using the Interactional Dimensions Coding System. We examined associations of interaction qualities with parent-reported food practices, adolescent disordered eating behaviors/attitudes, and insulin resistance. Reported parenting practices were correlated with multiple interaction qualities (p-values <0.05), with the most consistent correspondence between parent-reported pressure to eat (e.g., pressure to eat more healthy foods) and negative aspects of parent-adolescent interactions. Also, after accounting for adolescent age, sex, and BMI-standard score, parent-adolescent interaction qualities were associated with adolescents' disordered eating and insulin resistance. Specifically, greater adolescent problem-solving related to less adolescent global disordered eating, shape, and weight concern (p-values <0.05); adolescent autonomy related to less weight concern (p = 0.03). Better parent communication skills were associated with less adolescent eating concern (p = 0.04), and observed dyadic mutuality related to adolescents' lower insulin resistance (p = 0.03). Parent-adolescent interaction qualities during food/eating-related disagreements show associations with parent-reported food practices and adolescent disordered eating. This method may offer a tool for measuring the qualities of parent-adolescent food/eating-related interactions. A nuanced understanding of conversations about food/eating may inform family-based intervention in youth at-risk for adult obesity.
青少年饮食失调和肥胖是相互关联的，会对精神和代谢健康产生不利影响。父母的喂养方式与青少年饮食失调和肥胖有关。然而，与食物养育有关的可观察到的相互作用尚未得到很好的描述。为了解决这一差距，我们招募了 30 名青少年（M±SD，14±2 岁），由于超重（BMI≥70 百分位）或父母肥胖（BMI≥30kg/m），他们有发展为成人肥胖的风险，让他们参与了一项视频记录的父母-青少年任务，讨论与食物/饮食相关的分歧。使用互动维度编码系统对个体/对偶的情感/内容进行编码。我们研究了互动质量与父母报告的饮食行为、青少年饮食失调行为/态度以及胰岛素抵抗之间的关联。报告的养育实践与多种互动质量相关（p 值<0.05），父母报告的进食压力（例如，进食更多健康食物的压力）与父母-青少年互动的负面方面之间存在最一致的对应关系。此外，在考虑到青少年的年龄、性别和 BMI 标准得分后，父母-青少年互动质量与青少年的饮食失调和胰岛素抵抗有关。具体而言，青少年解决问题的能力越强，与青少年整体饮食失调、体型和体重担忧的相关性就越低（p 值<0.05）；青少年自主性越强，体重担忧就越少（p=0.03）。父母更好的沟通技巧与青少年更少的进食担忧相关（p=0.04），观察到的对偶互惠与青少年较低的胰岛素抵抗相关（p=0.03）。在与食物/饮食相关的分歧期间，父母-青少年互动质量与父母报告的饮食行为和青少年饮食失调有关。这种方法可能为衡量父母-青少年食物/饮食相关互动的质量提供一种工具。对关于食物/饮食的对话的细致了解可以为有发展为成人肥胖风险的青少年提供家庭为基础的干预措施。
