Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 142, Nosrat St., Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Lung. 2022 Dec;200(6):793-806. doi: 10.1007/s00408-022-00588-1. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Lung transplantation has developed significantly in recent years, but post-transplant care and patients' survival still need to be improved. Moreover, organ shortage urges novel modalities to improve the quality of unsuitable lungs. Cytokines, the chemical mediators of the immune system, might be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in lung transplantation. Cytokine monitoring pre- and post-transplant could be applied to the prevention and early diagnosis of injurious inflammatory events including primary graft dysfunction, acute cellular rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, restrictive allograft syndrome, and infections. In addition, preoperative cytokine removal, specific inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokines gene expression could be considered therapeutic options to improve lung allograft survival. Therefore, it is essential to describe the cytokines alteration during inflammatory events to gain a better insight into their role in developing the abovementioned complications. Herein, cytokine fluctuations in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar fluid, peripheral blood, and exhaled breath condensate in different phases of lung transplantation have been reviewed; besides, cytokine gene polymorphisms with clinical significance have been summarized.
近年来，肺移植取得了显著的发展，但移植后的护理和患者的生存仍需改善。此外，器官短缺促使人们寻求新的方法来提高不适合的肺脏的质量。细胞因子是免疫系统的化学介质，可用于肺移植的诊断和治疗目的。移植前和移植后的细胞因子监测可应用于预防和早期诊断包括原发性移植物功能障碍、急性细胞排斥、闭塞性细支气管炎综合征、限制性移植物综合征和感染在内的有害炎症事件。此外，术前细胞因子清除、特定的促炎细胞因子抑制以及增强抗炎细胞因子基因表达可以被认为是改善肺移植物存活的治疗选择。因此，描述炎症事件期间细胞因子的变化对于更好地了解它们在发生上述并发症中的作用至关重要。本文综述了肺移植不同阶段肺组织、肺泡灌洗液、外周血和呼出气冷凝液中的细胞因子波动情况；此外，还总结了具有临床意义的细胞因子基因多态性。
