Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2022;70:339-373. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_12.
Epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a central role in the biological control of cell and tissue structure, function, and phenotype. Identification of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer provides mechanistic into tumor initiation and progression and may prove valuable for a variety of clinical applications. We present an overview of epigenetically driven mechanisms that are obligatory for physiological regulation and parameters of epigenetic control that are modified in tumor cells. The interrelationship between nuclear structure and function is not mutually exclusive but synergistic. We explore concepts influencing the maintenance of chromatin structures, including phase separation, recognition signals, factors that mediate enhancer-promoter looping, and insulation and how these are altered during the cell cycle and in cancer. Understanding how these processes are altered in cancer provides a potential for advancing capabilities for the diagnosis and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
表观遗传基因调控机制在细胞和组织结构、功能和表型的生物学控制中发挥着核心作用。鉴定癌症中的表观遗传失调为肿瘤的发生和发展提供了机制，并可能在各种临床应用中具有重要价值。我们概述了表观遗传驱动的机制，这些机制对于生理调节是必需的，并且在肿瘤细胞中修饰了表观遗传控制的参数。核结构和功能之间的相互关系不是相互排斥的，而是协同的。我们探讨了影响染色质结构维持的概念，包括相分离、识别信号、介导增强子-启动子环的因子以及隔离，以及这些在细胞周期和癌症中是如何改变的。了解这些过程在癌症中的改变为提高诊断和鉴定新治疗靶点的能力提供了潜力。
