Sagastume Diana, Siero Irene, Mertens Elly, Peñalvo José L
Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):1799-1810. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01802-5. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
The potential effect of migration on increasing cardiometabolic risk factors remains partially understood. We aim to synthesize the evidence comparing the burden of diabetes and adiposity of migrating populations in Europe, with that of their country of origin.
We conducted a scoping literature review. We searched PubMed for studies investigating the effect of migration on diabetes or adiposity outcomes among migrants in countries from the European Union or the United Kingdom compared to the population in the country of origin. Studies were qualitatively synthesized in evidence tables and the demographic characteristics, study design, risk factors investigated, and outcomes were quantitatively summarized using measures of central tendency.
Of 1175 abstracts retrieved, 28 studies were eligible. Most of the studies included migrating populations residing in Western (50%), Northern (39%), and Southern Europe (11%) originating from countries in Africa (46%), Asia (29%), or European overseas (25%) regions of which 85% were classified as low-middle-income countries. Most of the studies (93%) had a cross-sectional design. The median number of individuals in the country of origin was greater [917; IQR: 231-1378] than in the receiving country [249; 150-883]. Thirty-five percent of the studies investigated migration as an independent risk factor, whereas 28% contextualized migration into lifestyle changes. The majority of the studies (57%) reported both diabetes and adiposity outcomes. Within the limited evidence available, controversial results were found as some studies showed poorer outcomes for the migrating populations, while others showed the opposite.
Studies assessing the impact of migration by comparing migrating populations and the population of origin on diabetes and adiposity outcomes have gained interest. So far, the available evidence is highly heterogeneous to inform public health strategies in the receiving countries. We recommend further research including a more robust methodology and in-depth characterization of the migrant populations.
移民对增加心血管代谢危险因素的潜在影响仍未完全明了。我们旨在综合证据，比较欧洲移民群体与其原籍国的糖尿病负担和肥胖情况。
我们进行了一项范围综述。在PubMed上搜索研究，调查欧盟国家或英国的移民与原籍国人群相比，移民对糖尿病或肥胖结局的影响。研究在证据表中进行定性综合，并使用集中趋势测量对人口统计学特征、研究设计、调查的危险因素和结局进行定量总结。
在检索到的1175篇摘要中，28项研究符合条件。大多数研究纳入了居住在西欧（50%）、北欧（39%）和南欧（11%）的移民群体，他们来自非洲（46%）、亚洲（29%）或欧洲海外（25%）地区，其中85%被归类为低收入和中等收入国家。大多数研究（93%）采用横断面设计。原籍国的个体中位数[917；四分位间距：231 - 1378]高于接收国[249；150 - 883]。35%的研究将移民作为独立危险因素进行调查，而28%将移民与生活方式变化联系起来。大多数研究（57%）报告了糖尿病和肥胖结局。在现有有限的证据中，发现了有争议的结果，一些研究显示移民群体的结局较差，而另一些研究则显示相反的结果。
通过比较移民群体和原籍国人群对糖尿病和肥胖结局的影响来评估移民影响的研究受到关注。到目前为止，现有证据高度异质，无法为接收国的公共卫生策略提供信息。我们建议进一步开展研究，包括采用更稳健的方法和对移民群体进行深入特征分析。
