Wang Zhe, Li Mingyu, Cao Ning, Liao Pengzhi, Ji Yulong, Han Fenghui
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Dalian, 116026, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 12;10(18):e37863. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37863. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
Hydrogen energy, due to its clean and efficient nature, has shown great potential during the current transition period in the shipbuilding industry. However, the application of hydrogen energy in ship energy systems is influenced by variations in operational load and the integration of new energy sources during actual navigation. To address these issues, this paper focuses on optimizing and scheduling the operation of ships under various navigation conditions, considering the distributed nature of hydrogen energy. System simulations were conducted to model the photovoltaic (PV), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), lithium batteries (LIBs), electrolytic cells (ECs), and energy storage modules of yacht energy systems. Component boundaries and objective functions were set, and two cases (excess photovoltaic state and constant power state) were designed to optimize and regulate the energy balance of hydrogen-powered yachts, enhancing their comprehensive utilization of renewable energy. By comparing the changes in ship energy under the two cases, it was concluded that case 1 ensures the maximum utilization of renewable energy. When photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the PEMFC and LIB in the system provide the required power to achieve a supply-demand balance. Moreover, when PV power generation is sufficient, hydrogen energy is used to store renewable energy. The optimization method designed in this study can, to some extent, maximize the application of renewable energy in new energy yachts, ensuring the efficiency of the comprehensive energy system of new energy yachts, reducing emissions, and improving the sustainability and economic efficiency of the ships.
氢能因其清洁高效的特性，在当前造船业转型期展现出巨大潜力。然而，氢能在船舶能源系统中的应用会受到实际航行中运行负荷变化以及新能源整合的影响。为解决这些问题，本文着眼于考虑氢能分布式特性，对船舶在各种航行条件下的运行进行优化调度。进行了系统仿真，以模拟游艇能源系统中的光伏（PV）、质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）、锂电池（LIB）、电解槽（EC）和储能模块。设定了组件边界和目标函数，并设计了两种工况（光伏过剩状态和恒功率状态）来优化和调节氢动力游艇的能量平衡，提高其对可再生能源的综合利用率。通过比较两种工况下船舶能量的变化，得出工况1能确保可再生能源的最大利用。当光伏发电不足时，系统中的PEMFC和LIB提供所需电力以实现供需平衡。此外，当光伏发电充足时，氢能用于存储可再生能源。本研究设计的优化方法在一定程度上可使可再生能源在新能源游艇中得到最大应用，确保新能源游艇综合能源系统的效率，减少排放，并提高船舶的可持续性和经济效益。
