Fernández-González Irene, Galea Elena
Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
Essays Biochem. 2023 Mar 3;67(1):3-16. doi: 10.1042/EBC20220077.
Astrocytes generate ATP through glycolysis and mitochondrion respiration, using glucose, lactate, fatty acids, amino acids, and ketone bodies as metabolic fuels. Astrocytic mitochondria also participate in neuronal redox homeostasis and neurotransmitter recycling. In this essay, we aim to integrate the multifaceted evidence about astrocyte bioenergetics at the cellular and systems levels, with a focus on mitochondrial oxidation. At the cellular level, the use of fatty acid β-oxidation and the existence of molecular switches for the selection of metabolic mode and fuels are examined. At the systems level, we discuss energy audits of astrocytes and how astrocytic Ca2+ signaling might contribute to the higher performance and lower energy consumption of the brain as compared to engineered circuits. We finish by examining the neural-circuit dysregulation and behavior impairment associated with alterations of astrocytic mitochondria. We conclude that astrocytes may contribute to brain energy efficiency by coupling energy, redox, and computational homeostasis in neural circuits.
星形胶质细胞通过糖酵解和线粒体呼吸产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP），利用葡萄糖、乳酸、脂肪酸、氨基酸和酮体作为代谢燃料。星形胶质细胞的线粒体还参与神经元的氧化还原稳态和神经递质循环。在本文中，我们旨在整合细胞和系统水平上关于星形胶质细胞生物能量学的多方面证据，重点关注线粒体氧化。在细胞水平上，研究脂肪酸β氧化的利用以及用于选择代谢模式和燃料的分子开关的存在。在系统水平上，我们讨论星形胶质细胞的能量审计，以及与工程电路相比，星形胶质细胞的钙离子（Ca2+）信号如何可能有助于大脑的更高性能和更低能耗。我们通过研究与星形胶质细胞线粒体改变相关的神经回路失调和行为障碍来结束本文。我们得出结论，星形胶质细胞可能通过在神经回路中耦合能量、氧化还原和计算稳态来促进大脑的能量效率。
