Suárez Beatriz, Solé Carla, Márquez Maitane, Nanetti Francesca, Lawrie Charles Henderson
Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1385:23-73. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_2.
Biological fluids such as blood, saliva, and urine offer a rich source of biomarkers that have the potential to change the paradigm of cancer management. By allowing routine noninvasive sampling that can offer new insights into cancer progression and response to treatment so-called liquid biopsies can play an important role in personalized medicine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a particularly attractive class of biomarkers as they are not only resistant to the high levels of RNases found in biological fluids, but also able to confer clinically useful information about the disease relating to diagnosis, prognosis, and the response to treatment. Circulating miRNAs are either associated with proteins or extracellular vesicles (EV) and although their origin and implied functions as intracellular messengers remain somewhat controversial, they are implicated in the progression and the establishment of metastatic niches. In this chapter, we review the rapidly emerging field of circulating miRNA cancer biomarkers, their origin and function, techniques to detect these molecules, and the use of bioinformatic tools to derive implied regulatory function, as well as the challenges that lie ahead for their clinical implementation.
血液、唾液和尿液等生物体液提供了丰富的生物标志物来源，这些生物标志物有可能改变癌症管理的模式。通过允许进行常规非侵入性采样，从而能够为癌症进展和治疗反应提供新的见解，所谓的液体活检可以在个性化医疗中发挥重要作用。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类特别有吸引力的生物标志物，因为它们不仅对生物体液中发现的高水平核糖核酸酶具有抗性，而且能够提供有关疾病的临床有用信息，涉及诊断、预后和治疗反应。循环miRNA与蛋白质或细胞外囊泡（EV）相关，尽管它们作为细胞内信使的起源和隐含功能仍存在一定争议，但它们与转移龛的进展和形成有关。在本章中，我们综述了循环miRNA癌症生物标志物这一迅速兴起的领域，它们的起源和功能、检测这些分子的技术、使用生物信息学工具推导隐含的调节功能，以及它们临床应用面临的挑战。
