Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 3;24(15):12407. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512407.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy in the world. However, the mortality from CRC can be reduced through early diagnostics, selection of the most effective treatment, observation of the therapy success, and the earliest possible diagnosis of recurrences. A comprehensive analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the CRC development is needed to refine diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies and to ensure appropriate decision making in managing specific CRC cases. The liquid biopsy approach utilizing circulating markers has demonstrated its good performance as a tool to detect the changes in the molecular pathways associated with various cancers. In this review, we attempted to brief the main tendencies in the development of circulating DNA and RNA-based markers in CRC such as cancer-associated DNA mutations, DNA methylation changes, and non-coding RNA expression shifts. Attention is devoted to the existing circulating nucleic acid-based CRC markers, the possibility of their application in clinical practice today, and their future improvement. Approaches to the discovery and verification of new markers are described, and the existing problems and potential solutions for them are highlighted.
结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤。然而，通过早期诊断、选择最有效的治疗方法、观察治疗效果以及尽早诊断复发，可以降低 CRC 的死亡率。需要对导致 CRC 发展的遗传和表观遗传因素进行全面分析，以完善诊断、治疗和预防策略，并确保在管理特定 CRC 病例时做出适当的决策。利用循环标志物的液体活检方法已证明其作为检测与各种癌症相关的分子途径变化的工具具有良好的性能。在这篇综述中，我们试图简述 CRC 中基于循环 DNA 和 RNA 标志物的主要发展趋势，如癌症相关的 DNA 突变、DNA 甲基化变化和非编码 RNA 表达变化。本文关注现有的基于循环核酸的 CRC 标志物，及其在当今临床实践中的应用可能性，以及它们未来的改进。描述了发现和验证新标志物的方法，并强调了它们现有的问题和潜在的解决方案。
