Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities (SSH) Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr av. 53, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 3;12(11):967. doi: 10.3390/bios12110967.
This article compares the applications of traditional gold and silver-based SERS substrates and less conventional (Pd/Pt, Cu, Al, Si-based) SERS substrates, focusing on sensing, biosensing, and clinical analysis. In recent decades plethora of new biosensing and clinical SERS applications have fueled the search for more cost-effective, scalable, and stable substrates since traditional gold and silver-based substrates are quite expensive, prone to corrosion, contamination and non-specific binding, particularly by S-containing compounds. Following that, we briefly described our experimental experience with Si and Al-based SERS substrates and systematically analyzed the literature on SERS on substrate materials such as Pd/Pt, Cu, Al, and Si. We tabulated and discussed figures of merit such as enhancement factor (EF) and limit of detection (LOD) from analytical applications of these substrates. The results of the comparison showed that Pd/Pt substrates are not practical due to their high cost; Cu-based substrates are less stable and produce lower signal enhancement. Si and Al-based substrates showed promising results, particularly in combination with gold and silver nanostructures since they could produce comparable EFs and LODs as conventional substrates. In addition, their stability and relatively low cost make them viable alternatives for gold and silver-based substrates. Finally, this review highlighted and compared the clinical performance of non-traditional SERS substrates and traditional gold and silver SERS substrates. We discovered that if we take the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of clinical SERS assays reported in the literature, those parameters, particularly accuracy (93-94%), are similar for SERS bioassays on AgNP@Al, Si-based, Au-based, and Ag-based substrates. We hope that this review will encourage research into SERS biosensing on aluminum, silicon, and some other substrates. These Al and Si based substrates may respond efficiently to the major challenges to the SERS practical application. For instance, they may be not only less expensive, e.g., Al foil, but also in some cases more selective and sometimes more reproducible, when compared to gold-only or silver-only based SERS substrates. Overall, it may result in a greater diversity of applicable SERS substrates, allowing for better optimization and selection of the SERS substrate for a specific sensing/biosensing or clinical application.
本文比较了传统金和银基 SERS 基底和较不常见的（Pd/Pt、Cu、Al、Si 基）SERS 基底的应用，重点关注传感、生物传感和临床分析。在过去的几十年中，由于传统的金和银基基底相当昂贵，容易腐蚀、污染和非特异性结合，特别是与含 S 的化合物结合，因此大量新的生物传感和临床 SERS 应用激发了对更具成本效益、可扩展和稳定基底的研究。此后，我们简要描述了我们在 Si 和 Al 基 SERS 基底方面的实验经验，并系统地分析了关于 Pd/Pt、Cu、Al 和 Si 等基底上 SERS 的文献。我们列出并讨论了这些基底的分析应用中的一些重要参数，如增强因子（EF）和检测限（LOD）。比较结果表明，由于成本高，Pd/Pt 基底不实用；Cu 基基底稳定性差，信号增强低。Si 和 Al 基基底表现出有希望的结果，特别是与金和银纳米结构结合时，因为它们可以产生与传统基底相当的 EF 和 LOD。此外，它们的稳定性和相对较低的成本使它们成为金和银基基底的可行替代品。最后，本综述突出并比较了非传统 SERS 基底和传统金和银 SERS 基底的临床性能。我们发现，如果我们考虑文献中报道的临床 SERS 分析的平均灵敏度、特异性和准确性，这些参数，特别是准确性（93-94%），对于 AgNP@Al、Si 基、Au 基和 Ag 基基底上的 SERS 生物测定是相似的。我们希望本综述将鼓励对基于铝、硅和其他一些基底的 SERS 生物传感的研究。这些 Al 和 Si 基基底可能会有效地应对 SERS 实际应用的主要挑战。例如，与仅金或仅银基 SERS 基底相比，它们不仅更便宜，例如铝箔，而且在某些情况下更具选择性，有时更具重现性。总体而言，这可能会导致更多适用的 SERS 基底的多样性，从而能够更好地优化和选择特定传感/生物传感或临床应用的 SERS 基底。
