Pusawang Kanchon, Sattabongkot Jetsumon, Saingamsook Jassada, Zhong Daibin, Yan Guiyun, Somboon Pradya, Wongpalee Somsakul Pop, Cui Liwang, Saeung Atiporn, Sriwichai Patchara
Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Mahidol Vivax Research Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Insects. 2022 Nov 9;13(11):1035. doi: 10.3390/insects13111035.
The occurrence and spread of insecticide resistance has had a negative effect on the efficacy of insecticide-based tools and is distributed worldwide, including the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). This study aims to determine the insecticide susceptibility of malaria and dengue vectors in malaria and dengue hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border. Mosquito larvae and pupae were obtained from water sources from December 2019 to April 2020 in Tha Song Yang District, Tak province, western Thailand. WHO bioassay susceptibility tests were conducted with three classes of insecticides to evaluate the knockdown and mortality rates of and female adults. V1016G and F1534C mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of were identified using a multiplex PCR. A total of 5764 female mosquitoes were bioassayed in this study, including spp. (92.63%) and F1 (7.37%). After 24 h of observation, s.l. ( = 3885) and s.l. ( = 1138) in Suan Oi (SO) and Tala Oka (TO) were susceptible to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates (except bendiocarb) with 98-100% mortality (MR). Resistance to bendiocarb was detected with a mortality rate of 88.80%, 88.77%, and 89.92% for s.l. ( = 125, 125) and s.l. ( = 66), respectively. The first generation of . adult females were suspected of resistance to deltamethrin ( = 225, MR = 96.89%) and confirmed resistance to permethrin ( = 200, MR = 20.00%). V1016G and F1534C mutations were detected in three genotypes, heterozygote and homozygote forms. The correlation between the alleles and deltamethrin resistance was significant. In conclusion, bendiocarb resistance was found in primary malaria vectors, s.l. and s.l. F1 population was pyrethroids-resistant, associated with alleles. Therefore, molecular analysis should be conducted to gain insights into the mechanism of insecticide resistance. Routine malaria vector control programmes, such as fogging implementation in hotspot villages to induce resistance available in peri-domestic sites, are questionable.
杀虫剂抗性的出现和传播对基于杀虫剂的防治手段的效果产生了负面影响，并且在全球范围内都有分布，包括大湄公河次区域（GMS）。本研究旨在确定泰国-缅甸边境疟疾和登革热热点地区疟疾和登革热媒介对杀虫剂的敏感性。2019年12月至2020年4月期间，从泰国西部夜丰颂府的水源中采集蚊虫幼虫和蛹。使用三类杀虫剂进行了世卫组织生物测定敏感性试验，以评估雌蚊和雄蚊的击倒率和死亡率。使用多重PCR鉴定了按蚊电压门控钠通道中的V1016G和F1534C突变。本研究共对5764只雌蚊进行了生物测定，其中包括中华按蚊（92.63%）和F1代（7.37%）。观察24小时后，蒜艾（SO）和塔拉奥卡（TO）的中华按蚊（n = 3885）和大劣按蚊（n = 1138）对拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类（除残杀威外）敏感，死亡率为98%-100%（死亡率比值）。检测到对残杀威有抗性，中华按蚊（n = 125、125）和大劣按蚊（n = 66）的死亡率分别为88.80%、88.77%和89.92%。第一代大劣按蚊成年雌蚊疑似对溴氰菊酯有抗性（n = 225，死亡率比值 = 96.89%），并确认对氯菊酯有抗性（n = 200，死亡率比值 = 20.00%）。在三种基因型、杂合子和纯合子形式中检测到V101G和F1534C突变。等位基因与溴氰菊酯抗性之间的相关性显著。总之，在主要疟疾媒介中华按蚊和大劣按蚊中发现了对残杀威的抗性，F1代大劣按蚊种群对拟除虫菊酯类有抗性，与等位基因有关。因此，应进行分子分析以深入了解杀虫剂抗性机制。常规的疟疾媒介控制计划，如在热点村庄实施喷雾以诱导在家庭周边地区产生抗性，是值得怀疑的。
