WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Department of Primary Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in the Healthcare System, National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.
PLoS One. 2022 Nov 10;17(11):e0274166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274166. eCollection 2022.
Despite a considerable reduction in alcohol consumption, Russia has one of the highest levels of alcohol-attributable burden of disease worldwide due to heavy episodic drinking patterns. Further improvement of alcohol control measures, including early provision of screening and brief interventions (SBI), is needed. The legislative framework for delivering SBI in Russia was introduced in 2013. As part of the creation and validation of a Russian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the present contribution explored challenges in using the AUDIT in Russia to inform a subsequent validation study of the tool.
Qualitative in-depth expert interviews with patients and healthcare professionals from four primary healthcare and narcology facilities in Moscow. A total of 25 patients were interviewed, 9 from a preventive medicine hospital, 8 from a polyclinic, and 9 from narcology clinics. Also, 12 healthcare professionals were interviewed, 5 of whom were primary healthcare doctors and 7 were narcologists.
Patients and healthcare professionals expressed difficulties in dealing with the concept of a "standard drink" in the AUDIT, which is not used in Russia. Various patients struggled with understanding the meaning of "one drinking occasion" on the test, mainly because Russian drinking patterns center around festivities and special occasions with prolonged alcohol intake. Narcology patients had specific difficulties because many of them experienced zapoi-a dynamic drinking pattern with heavy use and a withdrawal from social life, followed by prolonged periods of abstinence. Surrogate alcohol use was described as a common marker of alcohol dependence in Russia, not accounted for in the AUDIT.
The provided analyses on the perception of the Russian AUDIT in different patient and professional groups suggest that a series of amendments in the test should be considered to capture the specific drinking pattern and its potential harms.
尽管俄罗斯的酒精消费量大幅减少，但由于重度间歇性饮酒模式，其酒精相关疾病负担仍是世界上最高的国家之一。需要进一步加强酒精控制措施，包括早期提供筛查和简短干预（SBI）。俄罗斯于 2013 年推出了提供 SBI 的立法框架。作为创建和验证俄罗斯版酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）的一部分，本研究探讨了在俄罗斯使用 AUDIT 所面临的挑战，以为该工具的后续验证研究提供信息。
在莫斯科的四家初级保健和戒毒机构对患者和医疗保健专业人员进行了定性深入的专家访谈。共访谈了 25 名患者，其中 9 名来自预防医学医院，8 名来自综合诊所，9 名来自戒毒诊所。此外，还访谈了 12 名医疗保健专业人员，其中 5 名是初级保健医生，7 名是麻醉师。
患者和医疗保健专业人员表示，在 AUDIT 中处理“标准饮料”的概念存在困难，俄罗斯不使用这个概念。许多患者在理解测试中“一次饮酒”的含义时遇到困难，主要是因为俄罗斯的饮酒模式以节日和特殊场合为主，伴有长时间的饮酒。戒毒患者有特定的困难，因为他们中的许多人经历了 zapoi-一种以大量饮酒和脱离社交生活为特征的动态饮酒模式，随后是长时间的禁欲。替代性饮酒被描述为俄罗斯酒精依赖的常见标志，AUDIT 并未对此进行说明。
对不同患者和专业群体对俄罗斯 AUDIT 的感知进行的分析表明，应该考虑对测试进行一系列修订，以捕捉特定的饮酒模式及其潜在危害。
