Lindinger Michael Ivan
The Nutraceutical Alliance Inc. Guelph, ON N1G 0E3, Canada.
Vet Sci. 2022 Nov 10;9(11):626. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110626.
Horses that sweat for prolonged periods lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes. Maintenance of hydration and prevention of dehydration requires that water and electrolytes are replaced. Dehydration is common in equine disciplines and can be avoided, thus promoting equine wellness, improved performance and enhanced horse and rider safety. Significant dehydration occurs through exercise or transport lasting one hour or more. Oral electrolyte supplementation is an effective strategy to replace water and electrolytes lost through sweating. The stomach and small intestine serve as a reservoir for uptake of water and electrolytes consumed 1 to 2 h prior to exercise and transport. The small intestine is the primary site of very rapid absorption of ions and water. Water and ions absorbed in the small intestine are taken up by muscles, and also transported via the blood to the skin where they serve to replace or augment the losses of water and ions in the body. Effective electrolyte supplements are designed to replace the proportions of ions lost through sweating; failure to do so can result in electrolyte imbalance. Adequate water must be consumed with electrolytes so as to maintain solution osmolality less than that of body fluids in order to promote gastric emptying and intestinal absorption. The electrolyte supplement should taste good, and horses should be trained to drink the solution voluntarily prior to and during transport, and prior to and after exercise.
长时间出汗的马匹会流失大量水分和电解质。维持水合状态并预防脱水需要补充水分和电解质。脱水在马术运动项目中很常见，是可以避免的，这样能促进马匹健康、提高运动表现并增强马匹和骑手的安全性。持续一小时或更长时间的运动或运输会导致严重脱水。口服补充电解质是补充因出汗而流失的水分和电解质的有效策略。胃和小肠可作为一个储存库，用于吸收运动和运输前1至2小时摄入的水分和电解质。小肠是离子和水分快速吸收的主要部位。在小肠吸收的水分和离子会被肌肉摄取，也会通过血液运输到皮肤，在那里它们用于补充或增加体内水分和离子的流失。有效的电解质补充剂旨在补充因出汗而流失的离子比例；否则可能会导致电解质失衡。必须与电解质一起摄入足够的水分，以维持溶液渗透压低于体液渗透压，从而促进胃排空和肠道吸收。电解质补充剂应该味道良好，并且应该训练马匹在运输前和运输期间、运动前和运动后自愿饮用该溶液。
