Esposito Renata, Mirra Davida, Sportiello Liberata, Spaziano Giuseppe, D'Agostino Bruno
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2022 Nov 4;10(11):2815. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112815.
The vaccine weapon has resulted in being essential in fighting the COVID-19 outbreak, but it is not fully preventing infection due to an alarming spreading of several identified variants of concern. In fact, the recent emergence of variants has pointed out how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a global health threat. Moreover, oral antivirals also develop resistance, supporting the need to find new targets as therapeutic tools. However, cocktail therapy is useful to reduce drug resistance and maximize vaccination efficacy. Natural products and metal-drug-based treatments have also shown interesting antiviral activity, representing a valid contribution to counter COVID-19 outbreak. This report summarizes the available evidence which supports the use of approved drugs and further focuses on significant clinical trials that have investigated the safety and efficacy of repurposing drugs and new molecules in different COVID-19 phenotypes. To date, there are many individuals vulnerable to COVID-19 exhibiting severe symptoms, thus characterizing valid therapeutic strategies for better management of the disease is still a challenge.
疫苗武器已成为抗击新冠疫情的关键，但由于几种已识别的变异毒株惊人的传播速度，它并不能完全预防感染。事实上，近期变异毒株的出现凸显了新冠病毒大流行仍是全球健康威胁。此外，口服抗病毒药物也会产生耐药性，这表明需要寻找新的靶点作为治疗手段。然而，联合疗法有助于降低耐药性并使疫苗接种效果最大化。天然产物和基于金属药物的治疗也显示出有趣的抗病毒活性，为抗击新冠疫情做出了有效贡献。本报告总结了支持使用已批准药物的现有证据，并进一步聚焦于重大临床试验，这些试验研究了重新利用药物和新分子在不同新冠病毒表型中的安全性和有效性。迄今为止，有许多新冠病毒易感个体出现严重症状，因此确定有效的治疗策略以更好地管理该疾病仍是一项挑战。
