Martínez-Meza Yuridia, Pérez-Jiménez Jara, Salgado-Rodríguez Luis Miguel, Castellanos-Jiménez Ana Karen, Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía
Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Foods. 2022 Nov 7;11(21):3537. doi: 10.3390/foods11213537.
Grape pomace (GP) is a source of polyphenols which may be present as free structures or associated with dietary fiber. Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) is a technology which can modify the association of polyphenols with food matrixes, but how these modifications affect the health benefits associated with GP remains to be elucidated. In this study, in rats fed a high-fat-fructose diet (HFF), we evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of the modification of polyphenols in GP caused by DIC at 0.2 MPa for 60 s (DIC1) and 0.4 MPa for 120 s (DIC2). These treatments increased anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents, respectively, while all the supplementations caused significant improvements in insulin resistance and plasma triacylglycerols. Thus, the bioactive compounds present in GP (including a major fraction of non-extractable proanthocyanidins) caused these modifications independently of the specific polyphenol profiles which may have resulted from these DIC treatments. Additionally, only intact GP led to an increase in HDL cholesterol, while only DIC2-treated GP improved hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, GP always improves insulin sensitivity in this animal model of obesity, while the different compositions of GP modified by DIC may be associated with other cardiometabolic parameters.
葡萄皮渣（GP）是多酚的一个来源，多酚可能以游离结构形式存在，也可能与膳食纤维结合。快速控制压降（DIC）是一种能够改变多酚与食物基质结合方式的技术，但这些改变如何影响与GP相关的健康益处仍有待阐明。在本研究中，我们对喂食高脂果糖饮食（HFF）的大鼠，评估了在0.2 MPa下处理60秒（DIC1）和在0.4 MPa下处理120秒（DIC2）的DIC对GP中多酚改性后的心脏代谢效应。这些处理分别增加了花青素和总黄酮含量，同时所有补充剂都显著改善了胰岛素抵抗和血浆甘油三酯水平。因此，GP中存在的生物活性化合物（包括大部分不可提取的原花青素）导致了这些改变，而与这些DIC处理可能产生的特定多酚谱无关。此外，只有完整的GP导致高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增加，而只有经DIC2处理的GP改善了肝脂肪变性。总之，在这个肥胖动物模型中，GP总能改善胰岛素敏感性，而经DIC改性的GP的不同组成可能与其他心脏代谢参数有关。
