Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran.
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 67187-73654, Iran.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Nov 5;13(11):2040. doi: 10.3390/genes13112040.
Among cereals, barley is tolerant to high levels of salinity stress; however, its performance and global production are still dramatically affected by salinity. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of a set of advanced genotypes of barley with aim of assessing the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. The experiment was conducted using a hydroponic system at optimal growing temperature and photoperiod conditions. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant effects for salinity treatments and genotypes in terms of all measured traits. Salinity stress significantly increased the root and shoot Na+ contents and root-to-shoot Na and K translocations. In contrast, other physiological features, gas exchange-related traits, as well as root and shoot biomasses were significantly decreased due to salinity stress. Based on the results of the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index (MGIDI) as a multiple-traits method, G12 and G14 were identified as the superior salt-tolerant advanced genotypes. In the molecular analysis, salinity stress significantly increased the mean relative expression of , , , , , and genes by 12.87-, 3.16-, 3.65-, 2.54-, 2.19-, and 3.18-fold more than the control conditions, respectively. The results of heatmap-based correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear association pattern among measured traits and expression data. Indeed, these associations confirmed relationships between tolerance pathways and physiological functions. In conclusion, the genotype G14 (D10*2/4/Productive/3/Roho//Alger/Ceres362-1-1) responded well to salinity stress and showed a better expression pattern of studied genes than other genotypes. Hence, this promising genotype can be a candidate for further assessments before commercial introduction.
在谷物中，大麦能耐受高盐度胁迫；然而，其表现和全球产量仍然受到盐度的显著影响。在这项研究中，我们评估了一组大麦的先进基因型，旨在评估参与耐盐性的生理和分子机制。该实验是在最佳生长温度和光周期条件下使用水培系统进行的。方差分析（ANOVA）的结果表明，盐度处理和基因型在所有测量的性状上都有显著影响。盐胁迫显著增加了根和茎的 Na+含量以及根到茎的 Na+和 K+转运。相比之下，由于盐胁迫，其他生理特征、与气体交换相关的特征以及根和茎的生物量显著降低。基于多性状基因型理想型距离指数（MGIDI）作为多性状方法的结果，G12 和 G14 被确定为优良的耐盐先进基因型。在分子分析中，盐胁迫分别比对照条件下显著增加了 、 、 、 、和 基因的平均相对表达水平 12.87 倍、3.16 倍、3.65 倍、2.54 倍、2.19 倍和 3.18 倍。基于热图相关性和主成分分析（PCA）的结果揭示了测量性状和表达数据之间的明显关联模式。事实上，这些关联证实了耐盐途径与生理功能之间的关系。总之，基因型 G14（D10*2/4/Productive/3/Roho//Alger/Ceres362-1-1）对盐度胁迫反应良好，表现出比其他基因型更好的研究基因表达模式。因此，这个有前途的基因型可以作为进一步评估的候选者，然后再进行商业推广。
