Basu Sahana, Kumar Alok, Benazir Ibtesham, Kumar Gautam
Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Apr;171(4):502-519. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13112. Epub 2020 May 5.
Soil salinity is a constraint for major agricultural crops leading to severe yield loss, which may increase with the changing climatic conditions. Disruption in the cellular ionic homeostasis is one of the primary responses induced by elevated sodium ions (Na ). Therefore, unraveling the mechanism of Na uptake and transport in plants along with the characterization of the candidate genes facilitating ion homeostasis is obligatory for enhancing salinity tolerance in crops. This review summarizes the current advances in understanding the ion homeostasis mechanism in crop plants, emphasizing the role of transporters involved in the regulation of cytosolic Na level along with the conservation of K /Na ratio. Furthermore, expression profiles of the candidate genes for ion homeostasis were also explored under various developmental stages and tissues of Oryza sativa based on the publicly available microarray data. The review also gives an up-to-date summary on the efforts to increase salinity tolerance in crops by manipulating selected stress-associated genes. Overall, this review gives a combined view on both the ionomic and molecular background of salt stress tolerance in plants.
土壤盐碱化是主要农作物面临的一个限制因素，会导致严重的产量损失，而且随着气候条件的变化，这种损失可能会增加。细胞离子稳态的破坏是钠离子（Na⁺）浓度升高引发的主要反应之一。因此，阐明植物中钠离子吸收和运输的机制以及鉴定有助于离子稳态的候选基因，对于提高作物的耐盐性至关重要。本综述总结了目前在理解作物离子稳态机制方面的进展，强调了参与调节细胞质钠离子水平的转运蛋白的作用以及钾离子/钠离子比值的维持。此外，基于公开的微阵列数据，还探讨了水稻不同发育阶段和组织中离子稳态候选基因的表达谱。本综述还对通过操纵选定的胁迫相关基因来提高作物耐盐性的研究进展进行了最新总结。总体而言，本综述综合阐述了植物耐盐性的离子组学和分子背景。
