Humphries Tom, Mathur Gaurav, Napoli Donna Jo, Padden Carol, Rathmann Christian
Department of Communication, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Linguistics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC 20002, USA.
Children (Basel). 2022 Oct 22;9(11):1609. doi: 10.3390/children9111609.
Bilingual bimodalism is a great benefit to deaf children at home and in schooling. Deaf signing children perform better overall than non-signing deaf children, regardless of whether they use a cochlear implant. Raising a deaf child in a speech-only environment can carry cognitive and psycho-social risks that may have lifelong adverse effects. For children born deaf, or who become deaf in early childhood, we recommend comprehensible multimodal language exposure and engagement in joint activity with parents and friends to assure age-appropriate first-language acquisition. Accessible visual language input should begin as close to birth as possible. Hearing parents will need timely and extensive support; thus, we propose that, upon the birth of a deaf child and through the preschool years, among other things, the family needs an adult deaf presence in the home for several hours every day to be a linguistic model, to guide the family in taking sign language lessons, to show the family how to make spoken language accessible to their deaf child, and to be an encouraging liaison to deaf communities. While such a support program will be complicated and challenging to implement, it is far less costly than the harm of linguistic deprivation.
双语双模式对聋儿在家中和学校学习都大有裨益。无论是否使用人工耳蜗,使用手语的聋儿总体表现都优于不使用手语的聋儿。在纯口语环境中抚养聋儿会带来认知和心理社会风险,可能产生终身不良影响。对于先天性耳聋或幼儿期失聪的儿童,我们建议提供可理解的多模式语言接触,并让他们与父母和朋友参与联合活动,以确保适龄的第一语言习得。无障碍视觉语言输入应尽早开始,最好在出生后不久就开始。听力正常的父母需要及时且广泛的支持;因此,我们建议,在聋儿出生后直至学龄前,除其他事项外,家庭每天需要有成年聋人在家中待上几个小时,作为语言榜样,指导家庭学习手语课程,向家庭展示如何让聋儿理解口语,并作为与聋人社区沟通的鼓励性联络人。虽然这样一个支持项目实施起来会很复杂且具有挑战性,但它远比语言剥夺造成的危害成本低。