Tornero-Aguilera José Francisco, Villegas-Mora Bella Esperanza, Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2022 Oct 28;9(11):1643. doi: 10.3390/children9111643.
The most widely used method in professional sports for fat percentage assessment is the skinfold method. However, there is the chance of bias and human error. For this reason, other more precise methods are used, such as single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, there are limited data that demonstrate the methodological shortcomings or congruences in fat and fat-free mass estimates including gender differences and differences in athlete populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare total body fat (%BF) estimated by six skinfold thickness measurement (SKF) and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods, using three different sets of equations, to that assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method using a DEXA Hologic Serie Discovery QDR. For this aim, 76 males and 70 females belonging to the professional Spanish football federation were evaluated. We found significant differences between the three measures. BIA significantly underestimates the fat percentage, followed by skinfolds. With DEXA being the more objective or accurate method, an equation is established by means of linear regression analysis that allows the percentage of adipose tissue to be obtained either through anthropometry or electrical bioimpedance and adjusted to that which would be obtained by the DEXA system.
职业体育中评估体脂百分比最广泛使用的方法是皮褶厚度法。然而，存在偏差和人为误差的可能性。因此，人们使用了其他更精确的方法，如单频生物电阻抗分析（BIA）或双能X线吸收法（DEXA）。然而，关于脂肪和去脂体重估计中方法学上的缺点或一致性，包括性别差异和运动员群体差异的数据有限。因此，本研究的目的是比较通过六种皮褶厚度测量（SKF）和单频生物电阻抗分析（BIA）方法，使用三组不同的公式估计的全身脂肪（%BF）与使用DEXA Hologic Serie Discovery QDR双能X线吸收法（DEXA）评估的结果。为此，对隶属于西班牙职业足球联合会的76名男性和70名女性进行了评估。我们发现这三种测量方法之间存在显著差异。BIA显著低估了脂肪百分比，其次是皮褶厚度法。由于DEXA是更客观或准确的方法，通过线性回归分析建立了一个公式，该公式可以通过人体测量或生物电阻抗获得脂肪组织百分比，并将其调整为DEXA系统所获得的结果。
