Nsamba Jonathan, Eroju Priscilla, Drenos Fotios, Mathews Elezebeth
Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye 671316, India.
Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London UB8 3PH, UK.
Children (Basel). 2022 Nov 9;9(11):1720. doi: 10.3390/children9111720.
Background: Changes in body composition have been suggested as an intractable effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its management. This study aims to compare body composition characteristics in a sample of young children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with healthy controls. Methods: In this case−control study, body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance among 328 participants. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, upper arm, hip, and waist, circumferences; biceps; triceps; and subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds. From raw Bioelectrical impedance data, we calculated the impedance, phase angle, and height normalised resistance and reactance to assess body composition. Analysis of variance accounting for paired blocks was used to compare the two matched groups, while an independent Student’s t-test was used for intragroup comparisons among cases. Results: Waist Hip Ratio, biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were higher among cases than in controls. Cases showed a higher Fat Mass Index, higher fasting blood glucose and higher glycated haemoglobin. Cases also had a higher mean value of resistance (p = 0.0133), and a lower mean value of reactance (p = 0.0329). Phase angle was lower among cases than in controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our diabetic children showed higher levels of adiposity than controls. The observed differences in body composition are explained by differences in the fat-mass index. Abdominal fat accumulation was associated with poor glycaemic control and a lower phase angle.
身体成分的变化被认为是1型糖尿病及其治疗的一种难以处理的影响。本研究旨在比较1型糖尿病幼儿和青少年样本与健康对照者的身体成分特征。方法：在这项病例对照研究中，对328名参与者使用生物电阻抗评估身体成分。人体测量包括体重、身高、上臂、臀部和腰围；肱二头肌；肱三头肌；以及肩胛下和髂上皮肤褶皱。从原始生物电阻抗数据中，我们计算了阻抗、相位角以及身高标准化电阻和电抗以评估身体成分。采用考虑配对区组的方差分析来比较两个匹配组，而采用独立样本t检验进行病例组内比较。结果：病例组的腰臀比、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下和髂上皮肤褶皱高于对照组。病例组的脂肪量指数、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白更高。病例组的电阻平均值也更高（p = 0.0133），电抗平均值更低（p = 0.0329）。病例组的相位角低于对照组（p < 0.001）。结论：我们的糖尿病儿童比对照组有更高的肥胖水平。观察到的身体成分差异由脂肪量指数的差异解释。腹部脂肪堆积与血糖控制不佳和较低的相位角相关。
