Giardinelli S, Lambertini A G, Lumaca A, Boschiero D, Cavallin F, Zucchini S, Malaventura C, Suppiej A
School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Pediatric Unit, University Hospital, Arcispedale Sant'Anna , Ferrara, Italy.
Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Aug 18;184(9):560. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06401-4.
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes can have impaired body composition. The aim of this study was to assess and compare body composition and phase angle, a cellular health indicator, in young patients with diabetes and healthy peers using a dual-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Moreover, the influence of physical activity, glycemic control, disease duration, insulin dose, and delivery mode on body composition were explored. This was a prospective case-control study conducted on 46 patients with diabetes and 92 healthy subjects matched on the basis of pubertal status. BIA-ACC® analyzer, a dual-frequency device, was used to perform bioelectrical impedance analysis, and fat mass index and percentages of fat mass, free fat mass, total water content, extracellular and intracellular water, as well as basal metabolic rate and phase angle, were assessed; in patients with diabetes, information about disease duration, glycated hemoglobin, time in range, time above range, time below range, total daily insulin dose, and insulin delivery mode were collected. Patients with diabetes showed lower phase angle than controls, and the median phase angle of patients with diabetes that practiced extracurricular physical activity was comparable to healthy subjects. No other body composition parameters differed between cases and controls. Longer disease duration and higher daily insulin dose were both correlated with higher basal metabolic rate and higher phase angle. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with good management of type 1 diabetes showed comparable body composition measurements but a lower phase angle to their healthy peers. Patients with diabetes practicing extracurricular physical activity had phase angle values comparable to healthy subjects.
1型糖尿病儿童和青少年的身体成分可能受损。本研究的目的是使用双频生物电阻抗分析评估和比较糖尿病年轻患者及其健康同龄人之间的身体成分和细胞健康指标——相位角。此外，还探讨了体育活动、血糖控制、病程、胰岛素剂量和给药方式对身体成分的影响。这是一项前瞻性病例对照研究，对46例糖尿病患者和92名根据青春期状态匹配的健康受试者进行。使用双频设备BIA-ACC®分析仪进行生物电阻抗分析，评估脂肪量指数、脂肪量百分比、游离脂肪量、总含水量、细胞外和细胞内水分，以及基础代谢率和相位角；在糖尿病患者中，收集有关病程、糖化血红蛋白、血糖在目标范围内的时间、高于目标范围的时间、低于目标范围的时间、每日胰岛素总剂量和胰岛素给药方式的信息。糖尿病患者的相位角低于对照组，进行课外体育活动的糖尿病患者的中位相位角与健康受试者相当。病例组和对照组之间的其他身体成分参数没有差异。病程较长和每日胰岛素剂量较高均与较高的基础代谢率和较高的相位角相关。结论：1型糖尿病管理良好的儿童和青少年的身体成分测量值与健康同龄人相当，但相位角较低。进行课外体育活动的糖尿病患者的相位角值与健康受试者相当。
