Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 22;19(21):13740. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113740.
The prevalence of obesity has risen in the last decades, and it has caused massive health burdens on people's health, especially metabolic and cardiovascular issues. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency is increased by obesity, because adipose tissue alters both the requirements for and bioavailability of vitamin D. Exercise training is acknowledged as having a significant and long-term influence on body weight control; the favorable impact of exercise on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities has been demonstrated via various mechanisms. The current work illustrated the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and hepatic steatosis in rats and explored how fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) and Toll-like receptor-4 antibodies (TLR4) might be contributing factors to obesity and related hepatic steatosis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 was fed a normal-fat diet, group 2 was fed an HFD, group 3 was fed an HFD and given vitamin D supplementation, group 4 was fed an HFD and kept on exercise, and group 5 was fed an HFD, given vitamin D, and kept on exercise. The serum lipid profile adipokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed, and the pathological changes in adipose and liver tissues were examined. In addition, the messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of FATP4 and immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in adipose and liver tissues were evaluated. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise improved HFD-induced weight gain and attenuated hepatic steatosis, along with improving the serum lipid profile, degree of inflammation, and serum adipokine levels. The expression of FATP4 and TLR4 in both adipose tissue and the liver was downregulated; it was noteworthy that the group that received vitamin D and was kept on exercise showed also improvement in the histopathological picture of this group. According to the findings of this research, the protective effect of vitamin D and exercise against obesity and HFD-induced hepatic steatosis is associated with the downregulation of FATP4 and TLR4, as well as a reduction in inflammation.
在过去的几十年中，肥胖症的患病率有所上升，给人们的健康带来了巨大的负担，尤其是代谢和心血管问题。肥胖会增加维生素 D 不足的风险，因为脂肪组织会改变维生素 D 的需求和生物利用度。运动训练被认为对体重控制有显著且长期的影响；通过多种机制已经证明了运动对肥胖和肥胖相关合并症的有利影响。目前的工作说明了维生素 D 补充剂和运动对高脂肪饮食（HFD）诱导的肥胖和大鼠肝脂肪变性的影响，并探讨了脂肪酸转运蛋白-4（FATP4）和 Toll 样受体-4 抗体（TLR4）如何成为肥胖和相关肝脂肪变性的促成因素。将 30 只雄性白化大鼠分为五组：第 1 组喂食正常脂肪饮食，第 2 组喂食 HFD，第 3 组喂食 HFD 并补充维生素 D，第 4 组喂食 HFD 并进行运动，第 5 组喂食 HFD，补充维生素 D 并进行运动。分析了血清脂质谱、脂肪因子、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），并检查了脂肪和肝脏组织的病理变化。此外，评估了脂肪和肝脏组织中 FATP4 的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达和 TLR4 的免疫组织化学表达。维生素 D 补充剂和运动改善了 HFD 诱导的体重增加，并减轻了肝脂肪变性，同时改善了血清脂质谱、炎症程度和血清脂肪因子水平。脂肪组织和肝脏中 FATP4 和 TLR4 的表达均下调；值得注意的是，同时接受维生素 D 和运动的组，其组的组织病理学图片也得到了改善。根据这项研究的结果，维生素 D 和运动对肥胖和 HFD 诱导的肝脂肪变性的保护作用与 FATP4 和 TLR4 的下调以及炎症的减少有关。
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