新冠病毒知识及其在巴西人群中的早期爆发的相关因素。
Knowledge about COVID-19 and Associated Factors Early in the Outbreak among the Brazilian Population.
机构信息
Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70873-100, DF, Brazil.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 24;19(21):13824. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113824.
(1) Background: In Brazil, the first case of the novel coronavirus occurred on the 25 February 2020, and since then, it has spread rapidly over the entire country. During a pandemic, knowledge, attitudes, and practices are expected to largely influence the adherence to non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). We evaluated the knowledge about COVID-19 and associated factors early in the outbreak among the Brazilian population. (2) Methods: A Brazilian cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the following topics: isolation, caring for someone sick at home, cleaning habits, disinfecting habits, and true and fake news. Logistic regression was conducted using sociodemographic and associated factors as the independent variables and a knowledge score as the dependent variable to estimate factors associated with knowledge about COVID-19. Crude, sex-, and age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated. (3) Results: Participants with a better educational status had higher odds of having a higher knowledge score (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.15-5.37). Similarly, healthcare providers (health students and professionals) had higher odds of having higher scores regarding knowledge about COVID-19 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.05-2.48) than other counterparts. Of the wrong answers, the most frequent was the isolation period, followed by household recommendations to prevent COVID-19 and cleaning habits. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that a higher educational status and being a healthcare provider are conditions associated with superior knowledge about COVID-19. In addition, inadequate knowledge related to isolation, COVID-19 prevention, and cleaning habits were found in our study. We believe that improving awareness to address these specific COVID-19 issues through a health education campaign is a significant approach for public health policymakers to fight against COVID-19 in Brazil.
(1) 背景：巴西首例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例于 2020 年 2 月 25 日报告，此后该病毒在全国迅速蔓延。在大流行期间，知识、态度和行为有望极大地影响对非药物干预（NPIs）的遵守。我们在疫情早期评估了巴西人群对 COVID-19 的认识及其相关因素。(2) 方法：采用在线问卷进行巴西横断面研究。问卷包括以下内容：隔离、在家照顾病人、清洁习惯、消毒习惯和真/假新闻。使用社会人口统计学和相关因素作为自变量，以知识得分作为因变量，进行逻辑回归，以评估与 COVID-19 相关知识的相关因素。计算了未经校正、按性别和年龄校正的比值比（OR）。(3) 结果：教育程度较高的参与者具有更高的知识得分的可能性更高（OR=2.49，95%CI=1.15-5.37）。同样，医疗保健提供者（医学生和专业人员）在有关 COVID-19 的知识方面具有更高的得分（OR=1.62，95%CI=1.05-2.48）的可能性也高于其他同行。在错误答案中，最常见的是隔离期，其次是预防 COVID-19 的家庭建议和清洁习惯。(4) 结论：总之，我们的研究表明，较高的教育程度和作为医疗保健提供者是与 COVID-19 相关知识较高的相关条件。此外，我们的研究发现，在隔离、COVID-19 预防和清洁习惯方面的知识不足。我们认为，通过健康教育运动提高认识，以解决这些特定的 COVID-19 问题，是公共卫生政策制定者对抗巴西 COVID-19 的重要方法。
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