[巴西新冠疫情期间传播的虚假新闻分析：巴西新冠疫情期间传播的虚假新闻分析]
[Analysis of fake news disseminated during the COVID-19 pandemic in BrazilAnálisis de las noticias falsas divulgadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil].
作者信息
de Barcelos Thainá do Nascimento, Muniz Luíza Nepomuceno, Dantas Deborah Marinho, Cotrim Junior Dorival Fagundes, Cavalcante João Roberto, Faerstein Eduardo
机构信息
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Nutrição Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Nutrição, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Ciências Sociais Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
出版信息
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021 May 13;45:e65. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.65. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the characteristics of fake news about COVID-19 disseminated in Brazil from January to June 2020.
METHOD
The fake news recorded until 30 June 2020 in two websites (Globo Corporation website G1 and Ministry of Health) were collected and categorized according to their content. From each piece of fake news, the following information was extracted: publication date, title, channel (e.g., WhatsApp), format (text, photo, video), and website in which it was recorded. Terms were selected from fake news titles for analysis in Google Trends to determine whether the number of searches using the selected terms had increased after the fake news appeared. The Brazilian regions with the highest percent increase in searches using the terms were also identified.
RESULTS
In the two websites, 329 fake news about COVID-19 were retrieved. Most fake news were spread through WhatsApp and Facebook. The most frequent thematic categories were: politics (20.1%), epidemiology and statistics (e.g., proportion of cases and deaths) (19.5%), and prevention (16.1%). According to Google Trends, the number of searches using the terms retrieved from the fake news increased 34.3% during the period studied. The largest increase was recorded in the Southeast (45.1%) and the Northeast (27.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
The fake news spread during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil were characterized by political content as well as misinformation about the number of cases and deaths and about prevention measures and treatment. The main dissemination channels were WhatsApp and Facebook, with the use of messages, images, and videos, with greater reach in the Southeast and Northeast of Brazil.
目的
描述2020年1月至6月在巴西传播的关于新冠疫情的虚假新闻的特征。
方法
收集截至2020年6月30日在两个网站（环球公司网站G1和卫生部网站）记录的虚假新闻，并根据其内容进行分类。从每则虚假新闻中提取以下信息：发布日期、标题、渠道（如WhatsApp）、形式（文本、照片、视频）以及记录该新闻的网站。从虚假新闻标题中选取词汇在谷歌趋势中进行分析，以确定使用所选词汇的搜索量在虚假新闻出现后是否增加。还确定了使用这些词汇搜索量增长百分比最高的巴西地区。
结果
在这两个网站上，共检索到329条关于新冠疫情的虚假新闻。大多数虚假新闻通过WhatsApp和脸书传播。最常见的主题类别为：政治（20.1%）、流行病学和统计数据（如病例和死亡比例）（19.5%）以及预防（16.1%）。根据谷歌趋势，在研究期间，使用从虚假新闻中检索到的词汇的搜索量增加了34.3%。增幅最大的是东南部（45.1%）和东北部（27.8%）。
结论
在巴西新冠疫情大流行的前6个月传播的虚假新闻的特点是包含政治内容以及关于病例和死亡数量、预防措施和治疗的错误信息。主要传播渠道是WhatsApp和脸书，通过信息、图像和视频传播，在巴西东南部和东北部传播范围更广。
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